F  A^TtlS 


UNIVEESAL  EXPOSITIOJ^f 
1  8  6  7. 

WITH  A  FULL  DESCRIPTION  OP  AWARDS 
RENDERED  TO  THE  UNITED 
STATES  DEPARTMENT; 

AND 

NOTES  UPON  THE  SAME. 

—  BY  — 

JAMES  M  .  U  S  HE(k  . 

Principal  Agent  for  Massachusetts. 


B  0  S  TON: 

NATION  OFFICE.  ...  27  CORNHILL. 
1868. 


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PREFACE. 


Much  of  the  following  work  is  a  report  to  His  Excellency  the  Governor 
of  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts,  in  relation  to  the  Universal  Expo¬ 
sition  of  1867.  A  large  edition  of  the  report,  published  by  the  State, 
having  been  early  exhausted,  at  the  urgent  request  of  many  friends  I  have 
been  induced  to  re-publish  the  report  in  this  volume.  It  is  offered  to  the 
reader  just  as  it  was  originally  written,  with  such  additional  facts  concern¬ 
ing  exhibitors  outside  the  limits  of  Massachusetts  as  seemed  most  impor¬ 
tant,  and  such  as  fell  immediately  under  my  own  observation.  Although 
unable  in  a  small  volume  minutely  to  describe  all  the  articles  presented 
from  the  United  States,  an  official  account  will  be  given  of  all  the  awards 
to  American  exhibitors,  with  brief  notices  of  such  contributions  as  I  was 
able  particularly  to  observe. 

It  is  hoped  that  the  information  offered  will  be  interesting  and  profit¬ 
able,  and  that  it  will  not  be  unfavorably  received  by  the  public. 

Boston,  June,  1868. 


J.  M.  U. 


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To  His  Excellency  Hon.  Alexander  H.  Bullock. 

Having  been  appointed  by  your  Excellency  to  represent 
the  State  of  Massachusetts  in  the  Paris  Exposition,  and 
having  accepted  and  discharged,  to  the  best  of  my 
ability,  the  responsibilities  of  the  situation,  I  respect¬ 
fully  submit  the  following 

REPORT: 

Notice  of  my  appointment  was  received  August  23, 
1866,  and  I  immediately  entered  upon  the  discharge  of 
my  duties  by  co-operating  with  the  Commissioner-Gen¬ 
eral  and  other  agents  of  the  United  States,  in  presenting 
to  the  citizens  of  Massachusetts  the  information  necessary 
to  secure  a  creditable  and  successful  exhibition  for  our 
Commonwealth  in  the  World’s  Fair.  I  caused  to  be 
published  in  the  prominent  newspapers  of  the  State 
important  information  relating  to  the  Exposition,  and  I 
sent  forth  circulars  specifying  the  kinds  of  goods  most 
requisite  for  the  occasion,  the  time  when  they  must  be 


6 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


ready  for  shipment,  the  expense  that  would  probably 
occur  to  the  contributors,  and  such  other  facts  as  might 
induce  our  citizens  to  forward  articles  for  their  own 
credit  and  emolument,  for  the  honor  of  the  State,  and 
for  the  honor  and  dignity  of  our  beloved  country. 

The  Exposition  was  opened  to  the  public,  April  1, 
1867.  It  was  a  beautiful  day,  and  Paris  was  alive  with 
excitement.  The  police  were  out  in  full  force,  and  in 
attractive  uniforms,  and  the  military  display  was  grand. 
Flags  were  waving  all  over  the  city,  and  the  decorations 
of  the  Grand  Entrance,  and  of  the  main  avenue  to  the 
Palace,  were  varied  and  brilliant ;  and  over  the  Palace 
were  flung  to  the  breeze  the  banners  of  all  nations.  The 
number  of  persons  present  was  almost  inestimable,  yet 
all  were  orderly,  and  to  appearance  happy,  and  when 
the  Emperor  and  Empress  and  the  Prince  Imperial 
appeared,  the  welkin  rang  with  cheers. 

On  the  opening  of  the  Exposition  no  nation  had  all  its 
goods  in  place.  The  French  and  the  English  had  theirs 
ill  a  forward  state,  yet  not  complete.  Russia,  in  its 
preparations,  probably  stood  at  the  head,  while  Italy  and 
the  United  States  were  far  behind. 

'  And  even  the  Palace  was  not  quite  finished.  Hun¬ 
dreds,  yea,  thousands  of  artisans  had  been  employed 
upon  it  for  a  year  or  more,  yet  two  months  longer  were 
requisite  to  perfect  the  building  in  accordance  with  the 
Emperor’s  design. 

The  very  long  distance  the  contributors  must  send 
their  goods,  the  danger  of  injury  to  many  of  the  most 
valuable  articles,  the  want  of  faith  in  any  benefit  to  be 
derived  from  the  Exposition,  together  with  the  fact  that 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  383. 


7 


we  were  specially  notified  that  all  goods,  to  be  forwarded 
at  the  expense  of  the  general  government,  must  be  ready 
at  a  very  early  date  after  my  appointment,  prevented 
some  who  would  otherwise  gladly  have  contributed,  from 
engaging  in  the  noble  enterprise.  I  am  happy  to  inform 
your  Excellency,  nevertheless,  that  although  we  did  not 
occupy  much  space  in  the  Palace,  nor  have  so  many 
articles  on  exhibition  as  under  more  favorable  circum¬ 
stances  would  have  been  offered,  what  we  did  present 
were  well  received,  and  highly  creditable  to  us  as  being 
of  great  practical  use  and  value,  exciting  the  attention 
and  admiration  of  visitors,  and  receiving  the  favorable 
judgment  of  committees  and  jurors. 

The  whole  number  of  articles  on  exhibition  from  all 
the  countries  represented  is  yet  to  me  unknown.  The 
number  of  contributors  exceeded  forty  thousand,  of 
whom  five  thousand  obtained  awards.  From  the  United 
States  there  were  but  seven  hundred  and  seventy  appli¬ 
cants  for  space,  and  only  five  hundred  and  twenty-four 
of  those  had  articles  on  exhibition  ;  yet  two  hundred  and 
sixty-eight  obtained  'prizes^  a  greater  proportion,  I  am 
assured,  than  was  received  by  the  contributors  of  any 
other  country  except  France.  And  it  may  here  be  said 
that  the  awards  were  not  owing  to  the  preponderance  of 
American  jurors,  for  only  nine  juries  of  the  whole 
number —  ninety-five  —  had  citizens  of  the  United  States 
upon  them,  and  but  comparatively  few  of  the  whole 
could  speak  the  English  language. 

Expositions  of  the  various  and  multiform  industrial 
interests  of  any  community,  whether  extensive  or  lim¬ 
ited,  cannot  fail,  we  think,  to  be  of  real  benefit  to  the 


8 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May 


great  body  of  the  people,  as  well  as  to  those  who  engage 
directly  in  them.  Mountains  or  barriers  interposed  make 
enemies  of  individuals  as  well  as  nations,  while  as  a 
general  fact,  free  intercourse  prevents  the  prejudice  that 
might  exist,  and  leads  the  citizens  of  various  commu¬ 
nities  and  widely  separated  lands, — 

“  Like  kindred  drops  to  mingle  into  one.” 

Intercourse  begets  knowledge,  and  knowledge  induces 
trade.  An  individual  or  nation  sees  the  evidences  of 
another’s  superior  skill  and  handicraft  in  certain  things, 
the  benefits  resulting  thence,  and  each  desires  to  profit 
by  an  interchange  of  articles  for  pleasure  and  for  use. 
Genius  and  enterprise  are  stimulated,  and  a  laudable 
emulation  is  excited,  resulting  in  pecuniary  gain  and 
honorable  fame  to  individuals,  cheapening  the  neces¬ 
saries  of  life  to  whole  communities,  reducing  their  hours 
of  labor,  and  improving  their  condition  physically,  intel¬ 
lectually,  morally,  and  religiously.  Our  venerable  Com¬ 
monwealth  has  shown,  by  liberal  appropriations  for 
agricultural  and  mechanical  exhibitions,  her  confidence 
in  their  advantages.  She  has  been  foremost  among  the 
States  in  holding  fairs,  and  in  her  munificence  in  aiding 
them  ;  and  her  example  has  extended  far  and  wide.  It 
was  fitting,  therefore,  that  Massachusetts  should  cheer¬ 
fully  accept  the  invitation  of  the  Emperor  of  France, 
and  strive  for  honor  and  advantages  ;  giving  as  well  as 
receiving  benefits,  in  the  Paris  Exposition,  which  repre¬ 
sented  interests  extended  as  the  world. 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  333. 


9 


The  first  World’s  Exhibition  was  held  in  London  in 
1851.  Others  succeeded  in  the  following  order : 

In  Dublin,  in  1853.  In  London,  in  1862. 

In  Paris,  in  1855.  In  Dublin,  in  1864. 

In  New  York,  in  1858.  In  Paris,  in  1867. 

The  first  six  were  different  in  one  important  particular 
from  the  last.  They  were  properly  denominated  World's 
Fairs  or  Exhibitions,  because  the  people  of  all  countries 
were  invited  to  contribute  goods ;  but  the  managers  of 
them  were  private  persons,  and  individuals  of  different 
nations  were  solicited  to  forward  articles  for  competition 
at  their  own  expense.  They  were  not  government 
affairs.  The  last  Paris  Exposition  was  suggested  and 
directed  by  the  Emperor  of  France  himself.  Other 
heads  of  governments  were  by  him  invited  to  participate 
and  render  aid  in  making  it  truly  the  World’s  Exposition 
and  the  world’s  blessing.  The  government  of  the  United 
States,  after  considerable  delay,  accepted  the  invitation, 
appointed  agents  to  direct  affairs,  and  appropriated  funds 
to  pay  them ;  also  to  defray  the  expenses  of  contributors 
in  the  several  States  in  forwarding  their  goods.  Nothing 
was  admitted  to  the  Exposition  except  through  the  agents 
of  the  governments  concerned.  This  Exposition,  there¬ 
fore,  possessed  an  influence  and  a  dignity  far  superior  to 
any  that  preceded  it.  It  was  sublime  in  its  conception^ 
and  the  idea  was  carried  out  on  a  scale  of  liberality  and 
grandeur  never  surpassed,  probably  never  equalled,  in 
the  history  of  the  world.  There  was  collected  together 
the  greatest  variety  of  articles  from  every  clime  ;  things 
of  fancy  and  of  use,  showing  the  customs  of  all  peoples 
in  all  ages,  and  representing  the  arts  and  sciences,  the 


10 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[Maj, 


industrial  occupations,  the  social  habits,  and  the  politi¬ 
cal  and  religious  tendencies,  of  all  the  nations  of  the 
earth. 

If  the  Exposition  failed  in  some  respects  to  satisfy  our 
reasonable  expectations,  it  was  not  the  fault  of  our  gov¬ 
ernment,  so  much  as  the  incapacity  or  unwillingness  of 
tlie  Commissioner-General  for  this  country  fitly  to  per¬ 
form  his  duties.  But  of  this  matter  I  shall  speak  again, 
before  concluding  this  Report. 

The  grounds  allotted  to  the  Exposition  included  about 
one  hundred  and  fifty  acres,  being  the  territory  called 
the  ‘‘  Champ  de  Mars.”  The  palace,  which  contained 
most  of  the  articles  on  exhibition,  covered  an  area  of 
thirty-six  acres,  and  was  in  the  form  of  a  broad  ellipse, 
with  a  park  or  garden  in  the  centre,  tastefully  laid  out, 
and  containing  the  greatest  variety  of  beautiful  plants 
and  fragrant  flowers,  walks,  fountains,  statues,  etc. 
Around  the  garden  and  within  the  palace,  ten  avenues 
were  constructed  in  concentric  circles ;  and  from  the 
garden,  like  the  spokes  of  a  wheel  from  the  hub  to  the 
circumference,  radiated  sixteen  avenues,  crossing  the 
circles  at  right  angles,  and  at  nearly  equal  distances 
apart.  Each  of  these  sixteen  avenues  was  named  Tor 
some  nation  or  province ;  as  Prussia,  Austria,  Switzer¬ 
land,  Roumania ;  but  there  was  none  for  the  United 
States !  France  was  on  the  left  of  the  grand  entrance, 
and  England  on  the  right. 

The  goods  on  exhibition  were  arranged  in  groups  or 
classes,  and  each  of  the  concentric  avenues  was  devoted 
to  a  special  kind  of  articles,  contributed  by  every  nation 
therein  represented,  so  that  those  of  any  class  might 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  333. 


11 


easily  be  found.  If  those  of  any  given  nation  were 
desired,  they  might  he  found  in  passing  from  circum¬ 
ference  to  centre,  or  vice  versa^  along  the  avenue  called 
by  that  nation’s  name. 

The  grounds  outside  the  palace,  too,  were  admirably 
arranged.  Everything  seemed  designed  to  ravish  the 
beholder’s  sight.  Here  were  dwellings,  stores,  work¬ 
shops,  public  edifices,  palaces,  churches,  lighthouses, 
fountains,  ponds,  gardens,  trees,  streets,  walks,  and 
everything  that  tends  to  attract  attention  and  gratify 
the  taste.  The  whole  habitable  globe  seemed  to  have 
furnished  contributions  to  produce  an  effect  so  grand, 
harmonious,  and,  as  it  appeared  to  the  beholder,  natural. 
I  would  that  every  “  Field  of  Mars  ”  might  be  so  sud¬ 
denly  and  pleasingly  transformed.  Verily,  Napoleon 
III.  is  wise  in  his  generation,  and  he  seems  to  compre¬ 
hend  the  sentiment, 

“  A  thing  of  beauty  is  a  joy  forever.” 

It  is  doubtless  true  that  the  pleasures  and  amusements 
provided  by  tlie  Emperor  for  his  people — next  to  the 
bayonets  of  France — do  more  than  all  things  else  to 
keep  him  seated  in  his  power. 

I  have  alluded  to  the  Commissioner-General.  I  will 
be  more  particular.  I  have  represented  it  as  an  easy 
matter  to  find  the  contributions  of  every  country ;  but 
this  is  not  unqualifiedly  true.  The  American  contribu¬ 
tions  were  chiefly  located  in  the  ‘‘  Rue  d’Afrique,”  a 
name  not  indicative  of  anything  American  ;  and,  worse 
than  this,  the  excellent  American  sewing  machines,  and 
Grant’s  splendid  locomotive  engine,  from  New  Jersey, 


12 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


which  were  needed  to  occupy  space  in  the  main  building, 
were  placed  in  a  shed  called  an  Annex^  three  hundred 
feet  ill  length  and  thirtj^- three  in  width,  which  was  sev¬ 
eral  rods  from  the  palace.  Exhibitors  requested  the 
Commissioner-General,  Mr.  Beckwith,  to  cause  these 
articles  to  be  located  in  their  proper  places.  Several 
contributors  of  other  articles  were  willing  to  exchange 
the  space  allotted  them  in  the  main  building  with  the 
exhibitors  of  the  sewing  machines;  but,” — using  the 
language  of  Prof.  A.  D.  Hager,  Commissioner  for  the 
State  of  Vermont,  in  his  report — the  obstinacy  which 
marked  the  course  of  this  man,  Beckwith,  would  not 
permit  him  to  yield  to  the  petitions  that  were  made. 
He  had  the  power  to  keep  them  there,  and  did  do  it.” 
Mr.  Hager  further  says  :  ‘‘The  general  plan,  as  the 
Imperial  Commission  and  Mr.  Beckwith  well  knew,  was 
to  have  all  the  machinery  in  the  very  portion  of  the  main 
building  that  we  petitioned  for.  Mr.  Grant  applied  early 
for  the  space,  and  it  was  assigned  to  him  in  the  main 
building.  After  having  the  space  assigned  him,  and  he 
had  taken  his  locomotive  to  Paris,  paying  all  the  expense 
of  transportation,  amounting  to  over  one  thousand  dol¬ 
lars  in  gold  (for  he  did  not  ask  or  desire  the  government 
to  ship  it  for  him),  it  seemed  unkind  for  those  in 
authority  to  compel  him  to  leave  that  space  and  go  out 
into  a  shed  and  exhibit  his  locomotive.  I  might  cite 
other  instances  where  Mr.  Beckwith  made  himself 
obnoxious  to  exhibitors,  and  apparently  clogged  the 
wheels  of  American  interests  in  this  great  race  of 
nations.  His  course  seemed  very  strange.  I  was  then, 
and  am  still,  unable  to  lorm  an  opinion  why  he  acted  as 
he  did.” 


SENATE— No.  333. 


13 


1868.] 

Mr.  Reynolds,  the  Commissioner  from  Illinois,  writing 
to  the  “  Chicago  Tribune,”  says :  “  Mr..  Beckwith  is 
either  a  regular  dolt,  without  the  slightest  executive 
ability  or  experience  in  matters  of  this  sort,  or  he  is 
un-American  in  his  whole  feelings  and  character.” 

The  following  is  from  the  Commissioner  of  Louisiana : 

Paris,  November  9, 1867. 

James  M.  Usher,  Esq. 

Dear  Sir  :  —  The  interest  of  the  exhibitors  from  Louisiana 
has  prevented  me  from  answering  your  note  of  the  28th  ult.  ere 
this,  and  even  now  I  am  constrained,  for  want  of  time,  to  respond 
very  briefly  to  the  questions  propounded. 

To  your  first,  “  At  what  time  the  products  of  Louisiana  were 
exposed  ?  ”  I  have  to  answer  that  some  of  them  were  here  at  the 
opening  of  the  Exposition  ;  others  arrived  in  the  months  of  May 
and  June. 

To  your  second,  “  Whether  Mr.  Beckwith  facilitated  my 
efforts  in  presenting  my  claims  to  the  jury?”  I  have  to  say 
that  Mr.  Beckwith  told  me  that  the  products  of  Louisiana,  such 
as  sugars,  salt,  etc.,  came  too  late  to  bring  them  to  the  notice  of 
the  jury,  inasmuch  as  the  jury  had  dispersed  ;  that  their  labor 
was  at  an  end,  and  they  could  not  be  brought  together  again  ; 
and  that  instead  of  unpacking  the  goods,  they  had  better  be  sold. 

To  your  third  question,  “  Whether  it  was  owing  to  Mr.  Beck¬ 
with  that  my  prizes  w^ere  received  ?  ”  I  answer,  that  eight 
prizes  out  of  seventeen  (the  number  awarded  to  Louisiana)  have 
been  received  by  my  individual  effort,  and,  to  the  best  of  my 
knowledge,  unaided  by  any  other  person.  I  called  upon  the 
jury  and  bi ought  them  together,  and  furnished  them  with 
statistics  drawn  up  by  myself.  In  other  instances  I  addressed? 
myself,  Mr.  Le  Play,  the  Imperial  Chief  Commissioner,  and 
through  similar  efforts  received  the  above  eight  prizes. 


14 


PAKIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May 


At  no  time  has  Mr.  Beckwith  recognized  me  as  a  co-operator 
from  the  State  of  Louisiana.  It  is  deeply  to  he  regretted  that 
the  exalted  purpose  of  GeLeral  Banks,  with  regard  to  the  Paris 
Exposition,  should  have  lost  so  much  vitality  during  its  passage 
across  the  ocean,  and  that  the  American  administrators  here  have 
remained  unmindful  of,  or  misconstrued  the  invitation  to  co-op¬ 
eration  extended  to  all  the  States  of  the  Union. 

With  much  respect,  your  ob’t  servant, 

Edward  Gotthiel, 

Chief  Commissioner  from  Louisiana, 

P.  S.  —  I  have  at  this  moment  received  a  letter  from  Mr. 
Beckwith,  with  the  address,  — 

“  Monsieur  Gotthiel, 

“  Commissaire  de  la  Louisiane, 

“  a  I’Exposition.” 

The  subjoined  is  from  a  celebrated  engineer  of  the 
city  of  New  York  :  — 

United  States  Section  Paris  Exposition,  I 
October  27,  1867.  j 

J.  M.  Usher,  Esq.,  Principal  Agent  for  the  State  of  Massa¬ 
chusetts  to  the  Exposition, 

Sir  :  —  Your  favor  of  the  23d  is  duly  received,  and  the  ques¬ 
tions  therein  contained  in  relation  to  the  motive  power  of  this 
section  of  the  Exposition  I  will  answer  to  the  best  of  my  ability. 

First,  “  Is  the  motive  power  furnished  by  an  American  ?  If 
not,  by  whom  is  it  furnished  ?  ” 

The  motive  powder  is  not  furnished  by  an  American.  It  is 
furnished  by  the  Imperial  Commission,  who,  through  their  cou- 
tractor,  Mr.  II.  Flaud,  have  furnished  us  with  what  power  we 
have  had. 

Second,  “To  your  knowledge,  did  any  American  make  a 
proposition  to  furnish  the  power  ?  ” 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  333. 


15 


An  American  citizen,  of  New  York  City,  made  a  proposition 
to  furnish  the  power. 

Third.  “  Was  any  conference  had  between  you  and  Mr. 
Beckwith  or  Mr.  Derby,  personally,  upon  the  subject  ?” 

In  the  month  of  June,  1866,  1  had  a  conference  with  Mr. 
Derby,  who  seemed  to  regret  that  no  American  had  yet  made  a 
proposition  to  furnish  the  power  for  the  American  section.  I 
consulted  with  my  partner,  and  at  once  made  the  proposition  to 
furnish  whatever  power  might  be  necessary,  upon  the  terms 
offered  by  the  Imperial  Commission,  except  furnishing  the 
building  and  chimney  for  the  boilers.  These  we  thought  the 
Imperial  Commission  should  supply,  on  account  of  the  many 
disadvantages  w^e  should  labor  under  from  being  at  so  great  a 
distance,  and  the  small  amount  of  power  required  by  our  section. 

Our  proposition  was  forwarded  to  Mr.  Beckwith  by  Mr. 
Derby,  who  also  wrote  on  the  subject  to  Mr.  Beckwith,  request¬ 
ing  him  to  accept  it.  To  this,  however,  Mr.  Beckwith  replied 
that  the  clause  requiring  the  Imperial  Commission  to  furnish  the 
building  and  chimney  for  the  boilers  was  fatal  to  our  proposition, 
which  could  not,  therefore,  be  accepted.  On  receipt  of  this,  and 
after  further  consultation,  we  reviewed  our  proposition,  and 
offered  to  furnish  building,  chimney,  and  everything  else 
required.  Mr.  Derby  immediately  forwarded  this  to  Mr.  Beck¬ 
with,  who  replied  that  it  was  too  late,  as  the  Imperial  Commis¬ 
sion  had  awarded  the  contract  to  another  party.  (French.) 
After  further  consultation  and  advice  I  took  the  next  steamer, 
w'hich  sailed  on  the  18th  of  August,  1866,  and  arrived  in  Paris 
about  twelve  days  thereafter.  Finding  that  Mr.  Beckwith  was 
out  of  the  city,  I  went  to  the  office  of  Mr.  Le  Play,  who  also 
was  absent ;  but  I  was  introduced  to  the  engineer  of  the  Imperial 
Commission,  who  had  charge  of  the  mechanical  arrangements  of 
the  Exposition.  To  him  I  represented  that  I  had  come  to  see 
if  it  were  not  yet  possible  to  have  the  motive  power  for  our 


16 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


section  furnished  by  an  American  citizen.  He  replied  that  it 
had  been  the  desire  of  the  Imperial  Commission  that  every  nation 
should  furnish  its  own  contractor  for  the  motive  power,  but  that 
Mr.  Beckwith  had  requested  the  Imperial  Commission  to  furnish 
it  for  our  section,  as  he  could  not  find  an  American  to  do  it.  He 
expressed  regret  that  I  had  not  come  sooner,  as  the  contract  had 
been  signed  only  eight  days  'previous.  I  told  him  I  had  proposed 
to  furnish  the  power,  but  that  Mr.  Beckwith  had  written  that  I 
was  too  late  wuth  my  second  proposition,  while  my  first  had  the 
fatal  clause  requiring  the  Imperial  Commission  to  furnish  the 
building  and  chimney.  He  seemed  much  surprised,  and  told  me 
that  the  Imperial  Commission  would,  under  the  circumstances, 
gladly  have  furnished  the  building  and  chimney.  He  then 
showed  me  a  letter  from  Mr.  Beckwith  requesting  the  Imperial 
Commission  to  furnish  the  power  for  our  section,  as  he  could  not 
find  an  American  to  do  it.  Thinking  something  might  yet  be 
done,  I  called  on  Mr.  Bigelow,  then  the  United  States  Minister 
at  Paris,  to  whom  I  stated  all  the  particulars,  and  I  received  in 
reply  his  opinion  that  we  could  live  through  it,  and  that  it  would 
be  better  to  have  the  power  properly  furnished  by  a  French 
engineer  than  improperly  by  an  American  !  To  this  I  replied 
that  the  proper  place  for  the  French  engineers  to  display  their 
superiority,  if  they  had  any,  would  be  in  the  French  section,  and 
not  in  the  American. 

After  a  few  days  I  saw  Mr.  Beckwith,  who  thought  it  impos¬ 
sible  to  have  the  contract  changed  in  any  way,  so  I  soon  left  for 
New  York. 

Fourth.  “  Have  we  in  our  section  machines  capable  of 
supplying  the  required  power  ?  ” 

We  have,  in  the  American  section,  a  Corliss  steam-engine 
capable  of  running  all  our  machinery.  The  engine  is,  without 
doubt,  the  finest  one  ever  made.  It  was  built  especially  to  fur¬ 
nish  the  motive  power  for  the  American  section,  and  is  capable 


SENATE— No.  833. 


17 


868.] 

of  doing  so  in  a  manner  creditable  to  itself  and  to  the  country  ; 
instead  of  which,  all  the  American  exhibitors  who  have  required 
power,  have  been  very  much  dissatisfied  with  the  manner  in 
which  the  power  has  been  furnished  by  the  Imperial  Commission, 
and  with  their  contractor,  Mr.  Flaud.  In  fact,  during  August 
and  September,  the  motive  power  was  poor,  and  of  so  short  a 
duration  each  day  that  we  could  not  depend  on  it  at  all,  and 
found  it  necessary  to  draw  up  a  protest  informing  the  public  why 
we  could  not  exhibit  our  machines.  Mr.  Beckwith  was  told  of 
this  notice  about  an  hour  after  it  was  drawn  up,  and,  strange  to 
say,  the  next  day  and  ever  since  we  have  had  an  abundance  of 
power.  As  to  boilers  for  generating  steam,  four  were  offered 
me,  provided  they  w’ould  be  used  ;  but  when  it  was  known  that 
the  power  was  to  be  furnished  by  a  Frenchman,  the  makers 
refused  to  send  them.  Yours  truly, 

Tiios.  R.  Pickering, 

Engineer,  New  Torh, 

I  have  deemed  the  matter  set  forth  in  the  foregoing 
communications  sufficiently  important  to  deserve  the 
attention  of  your  Excellency,  of  the  citizens  of  Massa¬ 
chusetts,  and  of  the  country.  It  must  be  evident  that 
the  Commissioner-General  and  the  Engineer  for  the 
American  section  should  have  been  in  the  truest  sense 
American^  and  that  the  motive  power  for  running  the 
machines  should  have  been  supplied  by  a  citizen  of  the 
United  States,  especially  as  we  were  able  and  desirous  to 
furnish  all  the  intellect,  and  all  the  skill  and  instruments 
required. 

That  we  suffered  unnecessarily  through  the  incom¬ 
petency  or  unfair  purpose  of  the  Commissioner-General) 
who  was  the  chief  controller  of  American  interests  in  the 


18 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May 


Exposition,  cannot  be  denied.  The  office  required  a  man 
not  only  of  high  character  and  education,  but  one  con¬ 
versant  with  our  country’s  history,  its  wants,  its  capa¬ 
bilities,  its  high  hopes  and .  aims,  —  a  persevering, 
efficient,  patriotic,  courteous  American  citizen.  The 
duties  pertaining  to  the  position  were  arduous,  and 
activity  and  strength  were  requisite  to  their  perform¬ 
ance. 

The  Commissioner-General  was  far  advanced  in  years, 
and  he  had  lived  too  long  in  Prance  —  some  twenty 
years  —  to  feel  that  patriotic  fervor  and  that  pride  of 
national  interest  which  well  become  the  citizen  of  free 
America.  Aristocratic  tendencies,  and  a  family  ambi¬ 
tious  of  courtly  favor,  joined  with  a  purpose  to  remain 
abroad,  tend  strongly  to  weaken,  if  not  destroy,  the 
attachment  every  true  American  should  cherish  for  liis 
native  land  ;  and  he  who  does  not  heartily  adopt  the 
poet’s  sentiment,  — 

“  Before  all  lands,  in  East  and  West, 

I  love  my  native  land  the  best,” 

is  not  the  man  to  represent  his  country’s  interests  in  any 
clime.  I  have  been  thus  particular,  perhaps  prolix,  not 
for  the  purpose  of  casting  reproach  upon  Mr.  Beckwith, 
however  deserving  of  censure,  but  to  show  the  reason  for 
our  failure  in  some  cases  to  obtain  a  proper  recognition 
of  our  rights,  and  eopecially  to  guard  against  a  similar 
misfortune  in  the  future. 

The  fact  that  but  few  of  our  contributors  understood 
the  French  language  was  also  an  obstacle  in  the  way  of 
our  success.  We  were  often  unable  to  compreliend  the 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  333. 


19 


arrangements  and  orders  of  the  Imperial  Commission  so 
as  to  act  with  desirable  dispatch.  Many  of  our  porters 
were  unable  to  converse  in  English,  as  was  also  our 
cashier.  Notices  of  the  trials  of  machines,  of  the  visits 
of  jurors,  and  of  various  other  matters,  were  often  very 
inadequately  given. 

We  suffered  further,  in  many  cases,  in  not  having 
intelligent  persons  to  explain  the  uses  and  the  value  of 
the  goods.  Jurors  and  judges  are  not  always  announced 
and  recognized,  but  frequently  move  quietly  around 
with  other  visitors,  and  every  contributor  should  have 
some  one  employed  to  explain  4;he  history  of  his  article, 
viz.,  the  date  and  origin  of  liis  manufactory,  the  name 
of  the  proprietor  or  firm,  the  place  where  it  is  located, 
the  capital  employed,  the  number  of  hands,  and  whether 
males  or  females,  the  material  used,  and  where  grown 
and  purchased,  cost  of  material,  and  of  manufacture 
and  other  points  of  interest.  By  such  an  arrangement 
the  expenses  to  contributors  would  necessarily  be 
enhanced,  but  not  in  proportion  to  their  chances  for 
success. 

Here  let  me  remark,  that  in  order  to  realize  the  high¬ 
est  benefit  from  so  enlarged  an  Exposition,  a  thorough 
preparation  for  it  should  be  made.  Time  is  required, 
that  the  people  may  be  properly  informed  of  the  design, 
and  induced  to  contribute  to  its  success  ;  and  further 
ample  time  to  prepare  and  forward  specimens  of  their 
skill  and  handicraft.  The  United  States  failed  to  con¬ 
tribute  a  long  array  of  articles  for  want  of  time  in  which 
to  stir  the  public  sentiment,  and  in  which  to  manufac¬ 
ture  elegant  and  costly  goods.  There  were  ninety-five 


20 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[Maj, 


classifications  of  goods,  and  in  very  many  classes  the 
United  States  had  not  a  single  contribution.  In  the 
seventeenth  class,  including  porcelain,  earthenware,  and 
fancy  pottery,  France  had  ninety-six  contributions,  Tur¬ 
key  thirty-eight,  Italy  twenty-one,  England  sixteen,  the 
United  States  two.  In  the  eighteenth  class,  embracing 
carpets,  tapestry,  and  furniture  stuffs,  Turkey  had  two 
hundred  and  sixty,  France  sixty-three,  and  the  United 
States  none,  except  one  for  oilcloth  and  one  for  carpet 
lining.  In  class  twenty-three,  including  clock  and  watch 
work,  France  had  two  hundred  and  twenty -six,  Switzer¬ 
land  two  hundred  and  twenty-one,  the  United  States 
two.  In  class  thirty-one,  including  silk  and  silk  tissues, 
France  had  two  hundred  and  fifty-seven,  Turkey  two 
hundred  and  twenty-three,  Italy  one  hundred  and  forty- 
four,  the  United  States  one.  And  so  on.  With  ample 
time  to  prepare  for  the  Exposition  we  should  probably 
have  appeared  to  better  advantage  than  we  did  in  nearly 
all  of  the  ninety-five  classifications. 

It  was  a  source  of  deep  regret  to  me  that  Massachu¬ 
setts  did  not,  as  was  proposed,  present  the  model  of  a 
school-house,  thoroughly  furnished  with  desks,  seats, 
books,  charts,  maps,  etc.,  for  had  it  been  in  the  Exposi¬ 
tion,  I  am  confident  it  would  have  elicited  the  highest 
commendation,  and  have  received  a  high  award.  Be¬ 
sides,  it  would  have  been  a  potent  missionary  of  educa¬ 
tion  and  civilization  and  enlightened  self-government, 
from  the  old  pilgrim  State  to  the  monarchs  and  their 
subjects  of  the  old  world.  Illinois  did  well  in  presenting 
her  model  of  a  village  school-house,  with  its  small 
amount  of  furniture  and  books  and  charts,  and  it  re- 


SENATE— No.  838. 


21 


1868.] 


ceivecl,  as  it  deserved,  the  award  of  a  silver  medal.  It 
excited  much  and  very  favorable  notice.  I  visited  some 
of  the  foreign  schools,  and  carefully  observed  the  school¬ 
rooms  and  their  conveniences,  and  I  am  confident  that  a 
suitable  model  of  one  of  our  best  Massachusetts  school- 
houses  and  a  fair  exhibit  of  our  school  system  would 
have  been  the  crowning  feature  of  our  enterprise. 

In  view  of  the  multiform  advantages  that  have  arisen 
and  that  must  result  from  Universal  Expositions,  it  can¬ 
not  be  doubted  that  they  will  continue  to  be  held.  The 
errors  of  the  past  are  understood,  and  will  to  a  great 
extent  be  overcome,  and  the  nations  that  do  the  most  to 
foster  exhibitions  like  the  last,  will  be  the  greatest  gain¬ 
ers  by  them  in  honors,  in  improvements  and  in  pecuniary 
profits  in  the  end.  Let  the  United  States  determine  now 
to  hold  a  Universal  Exposition  in  1876.  It  is  not  too 
early  to  commence  the  enterprise.  Let  Congress  act  at 
once.  Let  the  time  for  it  be  fixed,  and  let  a  committee 
be  appointed,  and  an  appropriation  made ;  and  let  the 
States  be  called  upon  in  season  properly  to  respond.  Let 
premiums  be  offered  for  essays  best  setting  forth  the 
benefits  resulting  from  properly  conducted  universal 
fairs.  In  this  great  undertaking  let  Massachusetts  hold 
her  honorable  fame. 

The  invitation  from  the  French  government  for  the 
United  States  to  participate  in  the  late  Exposition,  was 
received  by  the  Secretary  of  State  in  March,  1865,  as 
appears  by  the  following  correspondence. 


22 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


Mr.  de  Geofroy  to  Mr.  Seward. 

[Translation.] 

Legation  of  France  to  the  United  States,  > 
Washington,  March  27,  1865.  ) 

Sir  :  —  By  two  decrees,  dated  June  22  and  the  1st  of  last 
month,  the  Emperor  has  ordered  that  a  universal  exhibition  of 
the  productions  of  agriculture,  manufacture,  and  the  fine  arts, 
should  be  opened  at  Paris,  May  1,  1867.  Another  decree,  also 
issued  February  1,  of  this  year,  and  published  in  the  “  Moni- 
teur’’  the  21st  of  the  same  month,  has  placed  this  grand  inter¬ 
national  solemnity  under  the  direction  and  supervision  of  a  com¬ 
mission,  the  presidency  of  which  has  been  confided  to  his  Serene 
Highness  Prince  Napoleon. 

Such  a  selection  bears  too  high  testimony  to  the  importance 
which  the  Emperor  attaches  to  the  success  of  this  universal 
exhibition  to  leave  any  need  to  dwell  upon  it.  As  to  the  com¬ 
mission,  it  is  composed  of  several  of  his  Majesty’s  ministers,  of 
high  functionaries  of  state,  as  well  as  of  the  most  competent  of 
notable  individuals. 

The  government  of  his  Majesty  charges  me  to  give  notice 
officially,  of  these  aforesaid  decrees  to  the  cabinet  of  Washington, 
to  invite  its  valuable  concurrence,  and  to  designate  an  authority 
with  which  the  imperial  commission  could  have  a  direct  under¬ 
standing. 

It  would  also  be  of  advantage,  to  avoid  all  loss  of  time,  that 
the  government  of  the  United  States  should  make  a  choice  at 
Paris  of  an  agent  who  would  be  specially  delegated  to  be  near  his 
Serene  Highness  the  Prince  Napoleon. 

This  mode  of  procedure  is  the  most  suitable  channel,  and  the 
speediest,  to  convey  to  the  knowledge  of  the  imperial  commission 
the  wishes  of  the  exhibitors  from  abroad. 

The  government  of  his  Majesty  would  attach  a  high  value  to 
being  informed  as  early  as  possible  of  the  result  of  the  steps  I 


23 


1868.]  SENATE— No.  333. 

am  charged  to  take  which  have  an  exceptional  character  of 
urgency. 

The  objects  sent  to  the  exhibition  will  be  received,  in  effect,  in 
a  palace  constructed  for  the  occasion  of  this  solemnity,  and  the 
size  of  which  should  meet  the  actual  need  of  the  exhibitors  of  all 
nations.  But  that  the  general  arrangements  and  plans  which 
shall  be  adopted  may  be  in  relation  with  the  claims  for  space 
which  will  be  preferred,  it  will  be  necessary  that  the  imperial 
commission  should  know,  with  the  least  delay,  what  States  will 
take  part  in  the  exhibition,  and  how  much  space  each  would 
desire  to  obtain. 

In  ending  the  letter  he  has  written  to  me  on  the  subject,  the 
minister  for  foreign  affairs  adds  that  he  is  gratified  to  hope  that 
the  government  of  the  United  States  will  show  a  disposition  to 
facilitate,  so  far  as  it  is  concerned,  the  success  of  the  work  con¬ 
fided  to  the  imperial  commission.  It  is  too  enlightened  not  to 
•appreciate  the  advantages  of  these  solemnities,  at  which  nations 
contract  new  ties,  collect  useful  and  mutual  lessons,  and  thus 
assure  the  development  of  their  prosperity. 

•  Accept,  sir,  the  assurances  of  my  high  consideration, 

L.  DE  Geofroy. 

Hon.  William  H.  Seward,  &c.,  &c.,  &c. 

Mr.  Seward  to  Mr.  Bigelow. 

[No.  105.]  Department  of  State,  ) 

Washington,  April  5,  1865. ) 

Sir  :  —  I  give  you,  for  your  information,  a  copy  of  a  note 
which  I  have  recently  received  from  Mr.  de  Geofroy,  charge 
d’affaires  of  the  Emperor,  concerning  a  projected  universal  exhi¬ 
bition  of  productions  of  agriculture,  manufactures,  and  the  fine 
arts,  to  be  opened  at  Paris  on  the  first  day  of  May,  1867,  under 
the  direction  and  supervision  of  a  commission  in  which  his  Serene 
Highness  the  Prince  Napoleon  will  preside. 


24 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May 


You  will  inform  Mr.  Drouyn  de  THuys  that  the  President  of 
the  United  States  regards  the  project  thus  described  with  great 
favor,  as  well  because  of  the  beneficent  infiuence  it  may  be 
expected  to  exert  upon  the  prosperity  of  the  nations  as  of  its 
tendency  to  preserve  peace  and  mutual  friendship  among  them. 

The  Prince  Napoleon  is  mest  favorably  known  on  this  side  of 
the  Atlantic,  and  his  connection  with  the  exhibition  will  increase 
its  proper  prestige  in  the  eyes  of  the  government  and  people  of 
the  United  States. 

What  the  executive  government  can  do  by  way  of  concurrence 
in  the  noble  purpose  of  his  Majesty  will,  therefore,  be  very 
cheerfully  done.  The  design  and  arrangements  will  be  promptly 
promulgated.  For  the  present  you  will  confer  with  Mr.  Drouyn 
de  I’Huys  as  a  special  agent  of  this  government,  and  bring  your¬ 
self  into  near  relations  wdth  the  Prince. 

This  is  as  far,  however,  as  the  President  is  able  to  proceed 
without  special  legislative  authority.  Application  for  that 
authority  will  be  made  to  Congress  when  it  shall  have  convened. 
In  the  mean  time  this  department  will  receive  and  give  due  atten¬ 
tion  to  any  suggestions  which  the  government  of  France  may 
desire  to  oflfer,  with  a  view  to  a  complete  success  of  the  contem¬ 
plated  exhibition. 

I  am,  sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

William  H.  Seward. 

John  Bigelow,  Esq.,  &c.,  &c.,  &c. 

Mr.  Seivard  to  31.  de  Geofroy. 

Department  of  State,  ) 
Washington,  April  7,  1865. ) 

Sir  :  —  I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
note  of  the  27th  ultimo,  in  regard  to  the  arrangements  made  by 
the  imperial  gu. .  ment  for  opening  at  Paris,  in  the  year  1867, 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  338. 


25 


a  universal  exhibition  of  the  productions  of  agriculture,  manu¬ 
factures,  and  the  fine  arts. 

I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  that  I  have  conveyed  to  the 
minister  for  foreign  affairs  of  his  Imperial  Majesty,  through  Mr. 
Bigelow,  the  minister  of  the  United  States  at  Paris,  the  reply  of 
this  government  to  the  very  courteous  invitation  contained  in 
your  note.  A  copy  of  my  instruction  to  Mr.  Bigelow,  which 
bears  the  date  of  the  5th  instant,  is  inclosed  for  your  information  ; 
and  T  have  the  honor  to  acquaint  you  that  the  correspondence 
which  has  taken  place  on  the  subject  will  be  immediately  made 
public. 

Accept,  sir,  a  renewed  assurance  of  my  highest  consideration. 

William  H.  Seward, 

By  F.  W.  Seward, 

Assistant  Secretary. 

Mr.  L.  DE  Geofroy,  &c.,  &c.,  &c. 

The  foregoing  correspondence  was  published  in  the 
newspapers  on  or  about  the  8th  of  April,  1865. 

Nearly  a  year  elapsed  after  the  invitation  was  received 
before  Congress  took  any  action  upon  the  subject.  Jan¬ 
uary  15,  1866,  Congress  passed  the  following  Resolves : 

Joint  Resolution  of  Congress  in  relation  to  the  Industrial 
Exposition  at  Paris,  France. 

Whereas,  The  United  States  have  been  invited  by  the  govern¬ 
ment  of  France  to  take  part  in  a  Universal  Exposition  of  the 
productions  of  agriculture,  manufactures,  and  the  fine  arts,  to  be 
held  in  Paris,  France,  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty- 
seven  : 

.Be  it  resolved  ly  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of 
the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assemhled.^  That  said 
invitation  is  accepted. 


26 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


Sect.  2.  And  he  it  further  resolved^  That  the  proceedings 
heretofore  adopted  by  the  secretary  of  state  in  relation  to  the  said 
exposition,  as  set  forth  in  his  report  and  accompanying  docu¬ 
ments  concerning  that  subject,  transmitted  to  both  houses  of 
Congress  with  the  President’s  message  of  the  eleventh  instant, 
are  approved. 

Sect.  3.  And  he  it  further  resolved^  That  the  general  agent 
for  the  said  exposition  at  New  York  be  authorized  to  employ 
such  clerks  as  may  be  necessary  to  enable  him  to  fulfil  the 
requirements  of  the  regulations  of  the  Imperial  Commission,  not 
to  exceed  four  in  number,  one  of  whom  shall  receive  compensa¬ 
tion  at  the  rate  of  eighteen  hundred  dollars  per  annum,  one  at 
sixteen  hundred  dollars,  and  two  at  fourteen  hundred  dollars. 

Sect.  4.  And  he  it  further  resolved,  That  the  secretary  of 
state  be  and  is  hereby  authorized  and  requested  to  prescribe  such 
general  regulations  concerning  the  conduct  of  the  business  relat¬ 
ing  to  the  part  to  be  taken  by  the  United  States  in  the  exposition 
as  may  be  proper.  \_Approved  January  15,  1866. 

It  will  be  seen  that  no  appropriation  was  made  by 
Congress  for  the  expense  of  freighting  goods  across  the 
ocean ;  and  it  was  not  until  July,  1866,  that  such  pro¬ 
vision  was  made  for  the  encouragement  of  our  contribu¬ 
tors  by  the  following  Joint  Resolution  :  — 

Joint  Resolution  to  enable  the  people  of  the  United  States  to 
participate  in  the  advantages  of  the  Universal  Exposition  at 
Paris  in  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-seven. 

Be  it  resolved  hy  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of 
the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled.  That,  in 
order  to  enable  the  people  of  the  United  States  to  participate  in 
the  advantages  of  the  Universal  Exhibition  of  the  productions  of 
agriculture,  manufactures,  and  the  fine  arts,  to  be  held  at  Paris 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  333. 


27 


in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-seven,  the  following  sums, 
or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  purposes  sever¬ 
ally  specified,  are  hereby  appropriated  out  of  any  money  in  the 
treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated :  — 

First.  To  provide  necessary  furniture  and  fixtures  for  the 
proper  exhibition  of  the  productions  of  the  United  States, 
according  to  the  plan  of  the  Imperial  Commissioners,  in  that  part 
of  the  building  exclusively  assigned  to  the  use  of  the  United 
States,  forty-eight  thousand  dollars. 

Secondly.  To  provide  additional  accommodations  in  the  park, 
twenty -five  thousand  dollars. 

Thirdly.  For  the  compensation  of  the  principal  agent  of  the 
exhibition  in  the  United  States,  at  the  rate  of  two  thousand 
dollars  a  year  :  provided,  that  the  period  of  such  service  shall  not 
extend  beyond  sixty  days  after  the  close  of  the  exhibition,  four 
thousand  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  found  necessary^ 
Fourthly.  For  ofl&ce  rent  at  New  York  ;  for  fixtures,  sta¬ 
tionery,  and  advertising  ;  for  rent  of  storehouse  for  reception  of 
articles  and  products ;  for  expenses  of  shipping,  including  cart¬ 
ages,  &c.  ;  for  freights  on  the  articles  to  be  exhibited  from  New 
York  to  France ;  and  for  compensation  of  four  clerks,  in  con¬ 
formity  with  the  joint  resolution  approved  on  the  fifteenth  of 
January,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-six,  and  for  contingent 
expenses,  the  sum  of  thirty-three  thousand  seven  hundred 
dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  found  necessary. 

Fifthly.  For  expenses  in  receiving,  bonding,  storage,  cartage, 
labor,  and  so  forth,  at  Havre ;  for  railw^ay  transportation  from 
Havre  to  Paris ;  for  labor  in  the  palace ;  for  sweeping  and 
sprinkling  compartments  for  seven  months ;  for  guards  and 
keepers  for  seven  months ;  for  linguists  (eight  men)  for  seven 
mouths;  for  storing,  packing  boxes,  carting,  and  for  material 
for  repacking;  for  clerk-hire,  stationery,  rent,  and  contingent 


28 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May 


expenses,  the  sum  of  thirty-five  thousand  seven  hundred  and 
three  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  found  necessary. 

Sixthly.  For  the  travelling  expenses  of  ten  professional  and 
scientific  commissioners,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Pr(!sident,  by  and 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  at  the  rate  of  one 
thoUvSand  dollars  each,  ten  thousand  dollars,  it  being  understood 
that  the  President  may  appoint  additional  commissioners,  not 
exceeding  twenty  in  number,  whose  expenses  shall  not  be  paid  ; 
but  no  person  interested,  directly  or  indirectly,  in  any  article 
exhibited  shall  be  a  commissioner;  nor  shall  any  member  of 
Congress,  or  any  person  holding  an  appointment  or  office  of 
honor  or  trust  under  the  United  States  be  appointed  a  commis¬ 
sioner,  agent,  or  officer,  under  this  resolution. 

Sect.  2.  And  he  it  further  resolved..  That  the  governors  of 
the  several  States  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  requested  to  invite  the 
patriotic  people  of  their  respective  States  to  assist  in  the  proper 
representation  of  the  handiwork  of  our  artisans,  and  the  prolific 
sources  of  material  wealth  with  which  our  land  is  blessed,  and  to 
take  such  further  measures  as  may  be  necessary  to  diffuse  a 
knowledge  of  the  proposed  exhibition,  and  to  secure  to  their 
respective  States  the  advantages  which  it  promises. 

Sect.  3.  And  he  it  further  resolved.  That  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  said  general  agent  at  New  York,  and  the  said  com¬ 
missioner-general  at  Paris,  to  transmit  to  Congress,  through  the 
Department  of  State,  a  detailed  statement  of  the  manner  in 
which  such  expenditures  as  are  herein  before  provide  [d]  for  are 
made  by  them  respectively.  [Approved  July  5,  1866. 

The  State  governments  had  then  to  act,  and  matters 
were  so  long  delayed  that  the  number  of  onr  contributors 
was  necessarily  small,  and  the  advantages  to  us,  resulting 
from  the  Exposition,  were  proportionately  limited. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  United  States  Commis- 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  333 


29 


sioners,  of  the  Committees  and  their  places  of  residence, 
and  the  subjects  upon  which  they  were  to  make 
report :  — 


OFFICERS. 


Commissioner-General  N.  M.  BECKWITH,  President, 

Hon.  SAM’L  B.  RUGGLES.  Vw-President, 

Ij.  MET. LEX,  Secretary,  ( Alabama  State  Commissioner,) 

J.  C.  DERBY,  United  States  Getieral  Agents 


Paris 
New  York 
Cleveland,  O 
New  York’. 


Prof.  J.  P.  Lesley,  Philadelphia. 
F.  A.  P.  Barnard,  LL.D.,  New  York. 
Col.  Charles  B.  Norton,  Paris. 

{New  Y'ork  State  Commissioner.) 
Frank  Leslie,  New  York. 

Paran  Stevens,  New  York- 

Charles  B.  Seymour,  New  York. 

Thomas  W.  Evans,  M.  D.,  Paris. 
W.  J.  Valentine,  London. 

Charles  R.  Goodwin,  Paris. 

E.  R.  Mudge,  Boston. 

WiTlam  A.  Budd,  New  York. 

James  H.  Bowen,  Chicago,  III. 
Prof.  H.  P.  Q.  D’Aligny,  Boston. 

(Michigan  State  Com.missioner.) 
William  Slade,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
John  P.  Kennedy,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Prof,  J.  Lawience  Smith,  Loui.sville. 

( Is  entucky  State  Commissioner. ) 
Robert  Berney,  Paris, 

Alex.  Thompson,  M.D.,  Aurora,  N.Y. 
Marshall  P.  Wilder,  Boston. 

Prof.  S.  F.  B.  Morse,  New  York. 


John  P.  Reynolds,  Springfield. 

(Illinois  State  Commissioner.) 
William  J.  Flagg,  Cincinnati. 

Abram  S.  Hewitt,  New  Y^ork. 

Prof.  John  T,  Frazer,  Philadelphia. 
J.  R.  Freese,  M.  D.,  Trenton,  N.  J. 
Ellioit  C.  Cowdin,  XewYork. 

George  S.  Hazard,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Prof.  William  B,  Rogers,  Boston. 
C.  K.  Garrison,  New  York. 

William  E.  Johnston,  M.  D,  Paris. 
Alex.  T.  Stewart,  New  York, 

P.  Barry,  Rochester. 

J.  H.  Chadwick,  Boston. 

Thomas  McElrath,  New  Y"ork. 

Prof.  J.  W.  Hoyt,  Madison,  Wis. 

(Wisconsin  State  Commissioner.) 
J.  M.  Usher,  Boston. 

(Massachusetts  State  Commiss’ner. ) 
James  L.  Butler,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

(Missouri  State  Commissioner.) 
James  Archer,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

W.  P\  Auchincloss,  New  York, 


COMMITTEES. 

1.  “  On  new  inventions  in  the  useful  arts.” —  Barnard,  Valentine,  Norton 
and  Morse. 

2.  “On  the  most  valuable  products,  or  results  derived  from  new  and 
advanced  processes,  in  science,  art,  and  the  general  field  of  industry, 
including  a  practical  description  of  the  methods  and  processes  employed.’’ 
—  Smith,  Slade,  and  Seymour. 

3.  “On  mineral  and  agricultural  products  of  importance  in  connection 


30 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May 


with  ocean  and  inland  transportation.” — Ruggles,  Kennedy,  and  Hazard. 

4.  “On  raw  material  and  manufjcturesof  great  general  use,  or  displaying 
remarkal'/le  skill  or  merit.”— Mudge.Cowdin,  Bowen,  Reynolds,  and  Mellen, 

5.  “  On  implements,  machines,  and  tools.” — Auchincloss  Goodwin,  and 
Frazer. 

G.  “On  metallurgy,  and  the  extractive  arts  in  general.”  —  Hewitt 
Lesley,  and  D’Aligny. 

7.  “On  the  products  of  chemistry  and  the  preparation  of  food  and 
clothing.” — Johnston,  Stevens,  Berney,  and  Smith. 

8.  “  On  rural  and  other  habitations,  and  on  school-houses  and  the  means 
of  promoting  and  extending  popular  education.” — Bowen,  Freese,  and 
Hoyt. 

9.  “On  horticulture,  pomology,  and  the  culture  and  the  products  of  the 
vine.” — AVilder,  Thompson,  Flagg,  and  Barry. 

10.  “On  the  Fine  Arts  and  their  application  to  practical  and  popular 
purposes.” — Leslie,  Evans,  and  Morse. 

11.  “  On  a  brief  general  survey  of  the  Exposition,  and  upon  the  character 
and  condition  of  the  American  Department.” —  Seymour,  Evans,  and 
Auchincloss. 

Section  two  of  the  Act  passed  in  July,  1866,  is  as 
follows  :  — 

“  And  he  it  further  resolved^  That  the  governors  of  the  several 
States  be  and  they  are  hereby  requested  to  invite  the  patriotic 
people  of  their  respective  States  to  assist  in  the  proper  repre¬ 
sentation  of  the  handiwork  of  our  artisans  and  the  prolific  sources 
of  material  wealth  with  which  our  land  is  blessed  ;  and  to  take 
such  further  measures  as  may  be  necessary  to  diffuse  a  knowl¬ 
edge  of  the  proposed  exhibition,  and  to  secure  to  their  respective 
States  the  advantages  it  promises.” 

Congress  of  course  desired  and  expected  the  legislative 
action  of  the  States.  Many  of  them  took  such  action, 
and  appointed  commissioners  to  represent  them  in  the 
Exposition. 

The  subjoined  Resolves  will  show  the  action  taken  by 
Massachusetts :  — 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  832. 


31 


RESOLVES  CONCERNING  THE  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  AT  PARIS 

Whereas,  There  is  to  be  held  in  Paris,  under  the  auspices  of 
the  French  Government,  during  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and 
sixty-seven,  a  “  universal  exposition  of  the  agricultural,  manu¬ 
facturing,  and  artistic  productions  of  all  nations ;  and  whereas, 
our  general  government  has  initiated  measures  to  have  the 
United  States  of  America  represented  in  that  Exposition ;  and 
whereas,  we  think  it  the  duty  of  Massachusetts  to  co-operate 
with  our  general  government,  in  order  that  the  enterprise, 
ingenuity,  and  skill,  of  the  citizens  of  this  Commonwealth  may 
be  more  fully  exhibited  on  that  occasion ;  therefore 

Resolved,  That  the  governor,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  con¬ 
sent  of  the  council,  be  and  hereby  is  authorized  to  appoint  a 
commissioner  to  attend  said  exposition,  and  co-operate  with  the 
commissioner  accredited  by  our  general  government  to  the 
imperial  commission  ;  and,  also,  as  many  agents  as  to  his  excel¬ 
lency  shall  seem  necessary  to  co-operate  with  the  State  commis¬ 
sioner  and  any  agents  appointed  by  the  general  government,  in 
organizing  and  forwarding  the  movement  in  the  United  States, 
by  furnishing  to  citizens  of  Massachusetts,  desirous  of  exhibiting 
their  industrial  products  at  said  exposition,  the  requisite  informa¬ 
tion  and  facilities. 

Resolved,  That  to  carry  into  effect  the  provisions  of  the  fore¬ 
going  resolve,  there  be  allowed  and  paid  out  of  the  treasury  of 
the  Commonwealth  such  sums  of  money,  not  to  exceed  ten 
thousand  dollars  in  all,  as  the  governor  and  council  shall  deem 
necessary.  \_Approved  May  18,  1866. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  States’  Commissioners, 
so  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  obtain  them :  — 

Maine.  —  Charles  B.  Shaw. 

Vermont.  —  Prof.  Albert  D.  Hager. 


32 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


Massachusetts.  —  Prof.  William  B.  Rogers,  Commissioner  , 

J.  M.  Usher,  Principal  Agent. 

Rhode  Island.  —  John  G.  Perry,  Esq. 

Connecticut.  —  Hon.  W.  B.  Douglass. 

New  York.  —  Col.  Charles  B.  Norton. 

Virginia.  —  F.  H.  Dissdebar,  Esq. 

Alabama.  —  L.  F.  Mellen,  Esq. 

Mississippi.  —  Dr.  Morris  Emanuel. 

Louisiana.  —  Edward  Gotthiel,  Esq. 

Kentucky.  —  James  Lawrence  Smith,  Esq. 

Missouri.  — James  L.  Butler,  Esq.,  Stephen  Ridgelly,  Esq., 
George  Englemau,  Esq.,  A.  Dessault  de  Sassus,  Esq.,  Lewis  A. 
LeBaum,  Esq. 

Indiana.  —  John  A.  Wilstach,  Esq. 

Michigan.  —  H.  F.  G.  D’Aligny,  Esq. 

Illinois.  —  Hon.  John  P.  Rej/nolds. 

Iowa.  —  Dr.  J.  M.  Shaffer,  Dr. - Thieme. 

Wisconsin.  — Dr.  J.  U.  Hoyt,  Col.  E.  Daniels,  Hon.  W.  H. 
Doe,  Hon.  C.  C.  Sholes,  Hon  B.  F.  Hopkins,  Surgeon- General 
E.  B.  Walcott,  Henry  Berthelet,  Esq.,  Daniel  Newhall,  Esq., 
IT.  S.  Durand,  Esq. 

Kansas.  —  Isaac  Young. 

Nevada.  —  Col.  Daniel  E.  Buel. 

California.  —  William  P.  Blake,  Esq. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  co-operative  agents  from 
this  State.  Many  of  them  did  not  appear,  to  bo 
qualified :  — 

Boston.  —  Charles  T.  Moore,  Charles  H.  Dalton,  James  H. 
Weeks,  Milton  M.  Saunders. 

Lowell.  —  Samuel  Fay,  Charles  P.  Talbot. 

Holyoke.  —  Jones  S.  Davis. 


SENATE— No.  333. 


33 


1868.] 

Dorchester.  —  Ricbard  W.  Robinson. 

Somerville.  —  John  E.  Tvler. 

Brookline.  —  George  M.  Dexter. 

Newton.  —  Hiram  Tucker. 

Worcester.  —  Russell  L.  Hawes,  Francis  H.  Derby,  George 
Crompton- 

Wrentham.  —  Albert  G.  Hills. 

Fitchburg.  —  Eugene  T.  Miles. 

Did  not  Qualify. 

Boston.  —  Henry  Woods,  William  W.  Warren,  Samuel  G. 
Moore,  Robert  H.  Darrah,  Erastus  B.'  Bigelow. 

Ware.  —  Sylvanus  J.  Newhall. 

Fall  River.  —  Bradford  M.  C.  Durfee. 

Springfield.  —  George  AValker. 

Greenfield.  —  George  T.  Davis. 

Salem.  —  Charles  T.  Pierson. 

Worcester.  —  Joseph  Sargent. 

The  day  appointed  for  the  distribution  of  the  gold 
medals  was  a  holiday  in  Paris,  and  an  occasion  of  much 
interest  to  contributors.  It  seemed  to  be  a  season  of 
more  general  excitement  and  display  than  the  day  of  the 
opening.  The  whole  city  of  Paris  was  gayly  decorated, 
banners  waved,  fountains  played,  and  music  filled  the 
air.  Thousands  on  thousands  thronged  the  avenues  and 
gardens  and  places  of  pleasurable  resort,  and  joy  and 
gladness  ruled  the  hour.  The  hall  occupying  the  entire 
second  story  of  the  palace  used  for  the  Paris  Exposition 
in  1865  was  the  place  for  bestowing  the  awards,  and  it 
was  filled  to  its  utmost  capacity,  some  twenty  thousand 
persons  being  present.  There  were  twenty-five  entrances 


34 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


to  the  hall,  so  that  the  vast  crowd  could  enter  with  little 
delay  or  confusion,  each  ticket  indicating  the  seat  to  he 
occupied  and  the  entrance  by  which  it  must  be  reached. 
As  none  but  gold  medals  were  to  be  announced,  no 
tickets  werfe  issued  to  the  recipients  of  silver  or  bronze 
medals  or  honorable  mention.  This  I  regard  as  a  most 
unfair  distinction,  when  all  contributors  expected,  and 
should  have  been  invited,  to  be  present.  I  will  not  here 
describe  tlie  decorations  of  the  hall,  the  illustrious  per¬ 
sons  there  assembled,  nor  all  the  ceremonies  of  the 
occasion. 

Immediately  on  the  occupation  of  the  platform  the 
orchestra  commenced  with  the  grand  hymn  composed  by 
Rossini  for  the  occasion.  It  was  partly  instrumental, 
partly  vocal,  and  contained  a  grand  march  ending  in  a 
spirited  chorus  with  the  ringing  of  bells  and  tliQ  firing 
of  cannon.  It  was  heartily  applauded,  and  at  its  close 
tremendous  shouts  of  vive  V  Empereur  burst  forth.  As 
soon  as  the  intense  excitement  had  subsided,  M.  Rouher, 
Minister  of  State  and  Vice-President  of  the  Imperial 
Commission,  arose  and  read  the  report  relating  to  the 
success  of  the  Exposition.  Around  him  were  members 
of  the  various  commissions,  the  international  jury,  and 
distinguished  persons  of  every  nation.  I  give  the  address 
of  the  Minister  of  State :  — 

Sire  :  —  At  the  commencement  of  this  solemnity,  it  is  the 
duty  of  the  Commission  established  under  the  honorable  presi¬ 
dency  of  his  Highness,  the  Prince  Imperial,  whom,  with  so  much 
joy,  we  see  near  the  Emperor,  to  retrace  in  a  few  words  the 
efforts  which  it  has  made  to  accomplish  the  mission  confided  to  it 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  333. 


35 


by  your  majesty ;  to  mention  the  zealous  and  beneficial  co-opera¬ 
tion  by  which  the  accomplishment  of  its  work  was  facilitated  and 
rendered  possible ;  and  finally,  to  indicate  the  characteristics  and 
the  principal  results  of  this  great  international  exhibition. 

The  obstacles  which  the  Imperial  Commission  had  to  surmount 
were  considerable.  It  was  necessary  to  transform  the  Champ  de 
Mars,  to  erect  there  all  those  constructions  that  now  adorn  the 
park,  to  build  the  palace,  a  vast  monument  spread  over  a  surface 
of  thirty-seven  acres  (fifteen  hectares)  ;  then  to  instal  there  and 
classify  the  articles  to  be  exhibited,  and  finally  to  foresee  and 
satisfy  the  various  wants  created  by  this  immense  agglomeration 
of  things  and  of  persons. 

The  time  for  producing  such  a  result  was  measured  out  to  us 
with  the  greatest  parsimony ;  a  few  months  only  were  granted  to 
us,  and  this  time  was  farther  shortened  by  long  periods  of 
inclement  weather. 

In  addition  to  this,  the  magnitude  of  the  present  enterprise  far 
surpasses  that  of  the  preceding  expositions.  A  few  figures  will 
suffice  by  way  of  comparison. 

The  surface  occupied  by  the  palace  and  its  dependencies  was, 
in  1855,  thirty-seven  acres  (fifteen  hectares)  ;  in  1862,  thirty- 
one  acres  (twelve  and  a  half  hectares)  ;  while  in  1867,  it  some 
what  exceeds  one  hundred  acres  (forty  hectares)  ;  more  than 
one-third  of  which  is  covered  by  the  palace. 

The  number  of  exhibitors  was,  in  1855,  22,000 ;  in  1862, 
28,000  ;  while  to-day  the  number  reaches  60,000. 

The  weight  of  the  articles  exhibited  cannot  be  estimated  at  less 
than  28,000  tons.  The  communication  established  between  the 
palace  and  the  railroads  of  the  continent,  alone  rendered  it  pos¬ 
sible  to  transport  and  instal  with  proper  care  and  celerity  this 
astonishing  number  of  articles,  the  greater  part  of  which  arrived 
during  the  last  few  days  of  the  month  of  March. 

The  power  employed  to  operate  the  various  machines  equals 


36 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May 


that  of  a  thousand  horses.  The  hydraulic  service  is  established 
upon  the  basis  of  a  distribution  of  water  sufficient  to  satisfy 
abundantly  the  wants  of  a  city  of  100,000  inhabitants. 

Notwithstanding  the  gigantic  labors  requisite  to  satisfy  such 
necessities,  the  work  was  found  ready  at  the  appointed  time.  But 
has  success  crowned  the  enterprise  ?  Have  these  united  efforts 
earned  the  double  and  precious  reward  which  was  their  aim,  — 
the  approbation  of  your  majesty  and  the  suffrages  of  public 
opinion  ? 

If  w'e  are  not  deceived,  the  judgment  is  pronounced  to-day. 
Every  one  has  been  struck  with  the  conception  of  the  general 
plan,  and  with  the  facilities  that  it  offers  for  comparison  and 
study.  All  approve  that  law’  of  unity  which  brings  together  in 
the  Champ  de  Mars  the  fine  arts,  industry,  agricultuie,  horticul¬ 
ture,  formerly  kept  separate  in  distinct  localities ;  and  which  pre¬ 
sents  within  the  same  inclosure  all  the  manifestations  of  human 
activity. 

Public  opinion  acknowledges  that  the  edifice,  criticised  for  a 
moment,  is  perfectly  adapted  to  its  destination  ;  it  understands 
that  the  conditions  necessary  for  a  clear  and  methodic  classifica¬ 
tion  of  nations  and  their  productions,  could  not  be  sacrificed  to 
the  desire  of  a  monumental  aspect ;  and  that  vast  naves  would 
have  thrown  into  the  shade  the  articles  to  be  exhibited,  instead 
of  showing  them  off  in  their  true  colors. 

A  lofty  nave  should  be  reserved  exclusively  for  machines,  — 
for  those  powerful  engines  of  modern  industry  that  demand  a 
situation  proportionate  to  their  mass,  and  a  space  in  which  their 
power  and  their  precision  can  be  exercised  without  confusion, 
untrammeled,  and  without  danger. 

The  bold  dimensions  of  the  circular  gallery,  having  a  platform 
which  isolates  and  protects  the  public  from  the  contact  of  the 
machine,  most  happily  realized  this  programme,  and  demonstrates 
both  the  perfection  now  attained  by  our  constructions  of  iron, 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  333. 


37 


and  also  the  great  merit  of  the  engineer  who  directed  these 
works. 

The  favor  of  visitors,  both  French  and  foreign,  has  likewise 
consecrated  the  success  of  the  workshops,  for  manual  labor,  in 
which  we  see  the  skill  of  the  workman  ingeniously  transform  the 
material,  and  vie  with  machinery  in  perfection  and  rapidity ;  of 
the  galleries  of  the  history  of  labor,  rich  in  treasures  borrowed 
from  public  and  private  collections ;  of  the  park,  with  its  cities 
of  w'orkmen,  its  types  of  the  buildings  of  various  countries,  so 
original  and  picturesque  ;  of  the  reserved  garden,  a  sort  of  oasis 
extemporized  in  the  midst  of  the  arid  wastes  ;  of  the  measures 
taken  to  profit  by  the  fortunate  vicinity  of  the  Seine,  w'hich  gives 
to  these  varied  pictures  the  framework  of  the  river  itself,  ani¬ 
mated  by  the  flags  of  its  pleasure  flotilla ;  finally,  of  the  Exposi¬ 
tion  of  Billancourt,  where  the  agriculturist  can  see  in  operation 
the  implements  that  interest  him,  and  become  acquainted  with 
the  results  of  the  different  systems  of  cultivation. 

We  may  be  permitted.  Sire,  without  wounding  the  rules  of 
modesty,  to  enumerate  with  some  complacency  all  these  elements 
of  success.  The  efforts  of  the  Imperial  Commission,  the  great 
experience  and  devotion  of  the  commissary-general,  and  the 
untiring  zeal  of  his  assistants,  would  uot  have  been  sufficient  to 
overcome  the  difficulties  of  the  enterprise.  We  have  but  a  sec¬ 
ondary  part  in  the  work,  —  the  principal  honor  belongs  to  others, 
and  we  wish  here  to  convey  to  them  the  expression  of  our  grati¬ 
tude.  The  foreign  commissions,  compose  d  of  eminent  men  of  all 
countries,  have  had,  in  their  respective  sections,  the  most  entire 
latitude.  It  is,  then,  to  them  that  belongs  the  merit  of  all  those 
original  and  elegant  arrangements,  which,  by  their  variety,  have 
contributed  so  much  to  the  beauty  of  the  whole. 

In  the  French  section,  the  labor  of  admissions  was  prepared 
by  special  committees,  zealously  and  conscientiously. 

The  right  of  admission  once  given,  it  was  necessary  to  proceed 


88 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


to  the  reception  and  arrangement  of  the  articles.  Instead  of  cen¬ 
tralizing  in  its  own  hands  this  delicate  work,  the  Imperial  Com¬ 
mission  confided  it  to  syndicates  of  delegates,  freely  chosen  or 
accepted  by  the  exhibitors,  who  acquitted  themselves  of  this 
duty  with  a  disinterestedness  and  impartiality  unanimously 
acknowledged. 

But  the  true  creators  of  all  these  splendors  so  much  admired 
by  the  ceaseless  throngs  of  visitors,  the  heroes  of  this  grand 
solemnity,  are  those  fifty  thousand  artists,  fabricators,  manufac¬ 
turers,  and  their  millions  of  workmen,  whose  labors  constitute  at 
once  the  riches  of  nations  and  the  history  of  civilization. 

It  was  necessary  to  choose  the  most  worthy  among  all  these 
competitors.  This  mission  bristled  with  obstacles ;  it  was  con¬ 
fided  to  an  international  jury,  — a  vast  and  imposing  tribunal, 
—  composed  of  six  hundred  members,  chosen  from  the  scientific, 
industrial,  commercial,  artistic,  and  social  notabilities  of  all 
countries.  This  tribunal  labored  unceasingly.  Its  members 
were  enabled  to  rise  into  those  lofty  and  serene  regions  where  all 
partiality  dissappears,  and  w^here  the  spirit  of  patriotism  itself  is 
effaced  with  respect  before  a  sentiment  still  more  noble,  —  that 
of  justice.  Under  this  generous  inspiration,  the  most  vexed 
questions  concerning  pre-eminence  among  the  various  branches 
of  industry  followed  by  rival  nations,  were  approached  and 
resolved  with  a  lofty  certainty  of  view. 

Thanks  to  an  activity  that  surmounted  all  fatigues,  the  deci¬ 
sions  required  of  the  jury  for  the  first  of  July,  have  all  been 
rendered,  and  the  result  can  now  be  proclaimed  before  your 
majesty. 

The  jury  has  awarded  to  exhibitors  64  grand  prizes,  883  gold 
medals,  3,653  silver  medals,  6,565  bronze  medals,  5,801  hon¬ 
orable  mentions. 

Notwithstanding  this  great  number  of  awards,  the  jury  was 
obliged  to  limit  its  choice,  and  to  pass  over  without  any  designa- 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  333. 


39 


tion  many  interesting  exhibitions  of  distinguished  merit  and 
industrial  efforts  worthy  of  more  serious  encouragement. 

The  jury  of  the  new  order  of  recompenses  has  no  less  worthily 
fulfilled  its  task,  complicated  with  difficult  investigations,  since 
the  duty  assigned  to  it  was,  not  to  examine  industrial  products, 
but  to  analyze  and  compare  social  facts.  It  has  granted  twelve 
prizes,  tv^enty-four  honorable  mentions,  and  four  citations. 

The  crowning  point  of  the  present  solemnity  will  be  found  in 
the  proclamation  of  awards  more  highly  prized  still.  Your 
majesty  has  deigned  to  grant  to  the  most  distinguished  of  the 
competitors  in  this  pacific  combat,  your  imperial  order  of  the 
Leg'on  of  Honor. 

The  Imperial  Commission  lays  at  the  foot  of  the  throne  its 
most  humble  thanks  for  such  pledges  of  an  august  sympathy. 

Permit  us,  Sire,  before  closing  this  Report,  to  utter  some 
words  of  appreciation  concerning  the  character  and  the  principal 
results  of  the  Universal  Exposition,  without  pretending,  how¬ 
ever,  to  measure  all  its  political  and  international  bearing.  One 
of  its  titles  to  the  attention  of  contemporaries  and  of  posterity  is 
certainly  its  character  of  universality.  Europe  has  not  alone 
taken  part  in  this  competition.  The  New  World,  Africa,  the 
extreme  East,  have  come  to  add  new  traits  to  its  physiognomy. 

The  United  States  of  America,  estranged  in  1862  from  pacific 
emulation  by  a  great  war,  have  claimed  for  the  Exposition  of 
1867  the  place  assigned  to  them  in  the  world  by  their  political 
and  industrial  importance,  and  they  have  nobly  held  their  rank. 

The  Ottoman  Empire  and  the  Mussulman  states  of  the  west 
and  north  of  Africa  have  not  limited  themselves  to  sending  us 
their  productions  alone  ;  they  have,  in  some  sort,  initiated  us  into 
their  civilization,  by  transplanting  to  the  Champ  de  Mars  their 
monuments,  their  habitations,  and  the  spectacle  of  their  domestic 
life.  The  honor  of  these  innovations  is  attributable  to  the  per¬ 
sonal  intervention  of  the  sovereigns  of  these  states,  who  were 


PAKIS  EXPOSITION. 


40 


[May 


desirous  of  presiding  in  person  over  the  organization  of  their 
portions  of  the  Exposition. 

The  countries  of  the  extreme  East  that  had  hitherto  kept 
themselves  aloof  from  our  international  exhibitions,  have  been 
brought  by  the  zeal  of  our  consular  agents,  our  merchants,  our 
missionaries,  and  our  savans,  to  take  a  part  in  this  competition  of 
nations.  The  genius  of  invention  has  multiplied  time  and  over¬ 
whelmed  distances.  Those  great  and  industrious  nations  that 
we  call  Persia,  China,  Japan,  and  their  satellites,  are  attracted 
henceforth  into  the  orbit  of  our  civilization,  to  the  great  advan¬ 
tage  of  prosperity  and  of  universal  progress.  This  reunion  in 
one  and  the  same  inclosure,  of  ail  nations,  having  no  other  ambi¬ 
tion  than  that  of  being  found  good,  no  other  rivalry  than  that  of 
being  the  better,  and  vicing  with  each  other  in  displaying  their 
productions,  their  resources,  their  inventions,  presents  itself  to 
the  astonished  intelligence  and  excited  spirit,  as  a  magnificent 
tableau  of  t!ie  successive  conquests  of  the  labor  of  centuries,  and 
of  incessant  progress  in  human  perfectibility. 

The  organization  of  the  tenth  group  and  the  establishment  of 
special  rewards,  had  for  their  object  the  solemn  manifestation  of 
those  moral  ameliorations  which  aie  at  once  the  duty  and  the 
honor  of  humanity. 

The  tenth  group  comprises  those  objects  that  are  peculiarly 
connected  with  the  physical,  material,  and  moral  condition  of 
the  various  populations.  It  follows  the  laborer  in  the  difierent 
phases  of  his  existence,  —  infant  schools,  schools  for  adults, 
cheap  articles  of  domestic  use,  habitations,  dress,  products, 
instruments  and  methods  of  labor.  This  plan,  conscientiously 
followed  out,  gives  us  for  the  first  time  a  clear  view  of  those 
modest  but  powerful  elements  of  social  progress,  that  have  been 
almost  entirely  neglected  in  the  system  of  the  preceding  expo¬ 
sitions. 

The  object  of  creating  the  new  order  of  rewards  was  to  sig- 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  333. 


41 


nalize  the  services  rendered  by  persons,  establishments,  or 
countries,  which,  by  an  organization  or  by  special  institutions, 
have  laid  the  foundation  and  assured  the  development  of  good 
harmony  among  those  co-operating  in  the  same  labors. 

This  creation  has  given  place  to  a  vast  and  minute  inquiry, 
pursued  for  six  mouths  by  the  jury  in  the  principal  countries 
that  have  taken  part  in  this  Exposition,  and  concerning  all  the 
facts  relating  to  this  problem,  whose  equitable  solution  is  of  such 
vast  importance  to  the  stability  of  modern  societies.  Our  labor 
will  not  be  sterile ;  it  will  have  imitators ;  it  will  open  new 
horizons  to  the  explorations  of  intelligent  and  generous  spirits. 
It  will  be  the  honor  of  the  Universal  Exposition  of  1867,  that  it 
has  opened  the  way  to  these  lofty  international  investigations. 

The  Universal  Exposition  has  thus  revealed  new  industrial 
processes  and  initiatives,  which,  without  it,  might  have  remained 
powerless  or  unknown  ;  it  has  placed  in  its  proper  light  that  law 
of  the  division  of  labor,  so  fruitful  among  both  nations  and  indi¬ 
viduals  ;  it  has  given  a  brilliant  consecration  to  those  principles 
of  commercial  liberty  boldly  inaugurated  in  France  by  your 
majesty ;  it  has  multiplied  among  nations  their  economical  rela¬ 
tions,  and  marked  out,  at  a  near  approaching  date,  the  prolific 
solution  of  the  problem  of  the  unification  of  weights,  measures, 
and  moneys. 

The  International  Exposition  is  producing  fruits  more  precious 
still ;  it  is  dissipating  inveterate  prejudices,  overthrowing  secular 
hatreds,  and  calling  into  existence  sentiments  of  reciprocal 
esteem.  The  people  drawn  by  this  extraordinary  spectacle  to 
this  splendid  capital,  seek  vainly  here  for  the  traces  of  past  revo¬ 
lutions,  and  everywhere  find  that  grandeur  and  that  prosperity, 
produced  by  security  for  the  present,  and  just  confidence  in  the 
future.  Princes  and  sovereigns,  attracted  by  a  noble  hospitality 
follow  each  other  into  this  temple  of  civilization,  in  order  to 
exchange  those  words  of  friendship  that  open  calm  horizons 


42 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


to  all  human  activities,  and  strengthen  the  peace  of  the  world. 

Under  all  these  titles,  Sire,  the  Universal  Exposition  of  1867 
will  furnish  a  brilliant  page  to  the  history  of  the  reign  of  your 
majesty,  and  of  the  grandeurs  of  the  nineteenth  century. 

When  M.  Ronher  had  concluded  his  report,  the 
Emperor  arose,  and  with  firm  voice  made  the  following 
admirable  reply :  — 

Gentlemen:  —  After  an  interval  of  twelve  years  I  come  for 
the  second  time  to  distribute  recompense  to  those  who  have  most 
distinguished  themselves  in  the  labors  which  enrich  nations, 
embellish  private  life,  and  soften  manners. 

The  poets  of  antiquity  celebrated  magnificently  the  solemn 
games  in  which  the  various  people  of  Greece  came  to  dispute  the 
prize  of  running.  What  would  they  say  to-day  if  they  witnessed 
these  Olympian  contests  of  the  entire  world,  where  all  the 
nations,  competing  by  intelligence,  seem  to  dash  forward,  all  at 
the  same  time,  in  the  career  of  infinite  progress  towards  an  ideal 
which  is  ever  approached,  but  never  attained. 

From  all  points  of  the  earth  the  representatives  of  science, 
art,  and  manufactui  es  have  hastened  to  assemble  together,  and  it 
may  be  said  that  peoples  and  kings  have  come  to  honor  the 
efforts  of  labor,  and  by  their  presence  crown  them  with  an  idea 
of  conciliation  and  peace. 

In  fact,  in  these  great  meetings,  which  appear  to  have  only 
for  their  object  material  interests,  there  is  always  a  moral  thought 
which  is  evolved  from  the  competition  of  intelligence, —  that  of 
concord  and  civilization.  Nations  in  drawing  nearer  together, 
learn  to  know  and  esteem  each  other ;  hate  becomes  extin¬ 
guished,  and  this  truth  becomes  more  and  more  accredited,  — 
that  the  prosperity  of  each  country  contributes  to  that  of  all. 

The  Exhibition  of  1867  may  justly  be  called  Universal,  for  it 


SENATE— No.  333. 


43 


1868.] 


unites  the  elements  of  all  the  riches  of  the  globe  ;  by  the  side  of 
the  latest  improvements  of  modern  art  appear  the  products  of  the 
most  remote  ages,  so  that  they  represent,  at  the  same  time,  the 
genius  of  every  century  and  every  nation.  It  is  certainly  uni¬ 
versal  :  for,  by  the  side  of  the  wonders  which  luxury  produces 
for  some,  it  has  paid  the  deepest  attention  to  what  the  necessi- 
^  ties  of  the  greatest  number  require.  Never  have  the  interests 
t)f  the  laborious  classes  awakened  a  more  lively  solicitude.  Their 
moral  and  material  wants,  their  education,  the  conditions  of 
cheap  existence,  and  the  most  productive  combinations  of  associ¬ 
ation,  have  been  the  object  of  patient  research  and  serious  study. 
Thus,  all  improvements  progress  side  by  side.  If  science,  in 
subjugating  matter,  emancipates  labor,  the  culture  of  the  mind, 
by  suppressing  vices,  prejudices,  and  vulgar  passions,  sets 
humanity  free. 

Let  us  congratulate  ourselves,  gentlemen,  on  having  received 
amongst  us  the  greater  number  of  the  sovereigns  and  princes  of 
Europe,  and  so  many  eager  visitors.  Let  us  be  proud,  too,  in 
having  shown  to  them  France  as  she  is,  great,  prosperous,  and 
free.  One  must  be  destitute  of  all  patriotic  faith  to  doubt  her 
greatness,  close  one’s  eyes  to  evidence  to  deny  her  prosperity, 
and  ignore  her  institutions,  which  are  sometimes  tolerant  even  to 
the  extent  of  license,  not  to  perceive  the  liberty  existing  there. 

Foreigners  have  been  able  to  appreciate  this  France,  formerly 
so  unquiet,  and  sprea'ding  her  disturbing  influences  beyond  her 
frontiers,  now  laborious  and  calm,  always  fruitful  in  generous 
ideas,  applying  her  genius  to  the  most  varied  marvels,  and  never 
allowing  herself  to  be  enervated  by  material  enjoyments. 

Observing  minds  will  easily  have  divined  that,  notwithstand¬ 
ing  the  development  of  wealth,  notwithstanding  the  attraction 
towards  general  comfort,  the  national  fibre  is  always  ready  to 
vibrate  when  a  question  of  honor  or  of  country  arises ;  but  this 


44  PARIS  EXPOSITION.  [May, 

noble  susceptibility  cannot  be  a  subject  of  apprehension  for  the 
repose  of  the  world. 

Let  those  who  have  lived  some  short  time  amongst  us  carry 
back  with  them  a  just  opinion  of  our  country.  Let  them  be 
convinced  of  the  sentiments  of  esteem  and  sympathy  which  we 
entertain  for  foreign  nations,  and  of  our  sincere  desire  to  live  in 
peace  with  them. 

I  thank  the  Imperial  Commission,  the  members  of  the  Jury, 
and  the  different  committees,  for  the  intelligent  zeal  which  they 
have  displayed  in  the  accomplishment  of  their  mission.  I  thank 
them,  also,  in  the  name  of  the  Prince  Imperial,  whom  I  was 
happy  to  associate,  notwithstanding  his  tender  age,  in  this  great 
undertaking,  of  which  he  will  preserve  the  recollection. 

The  Exhibition  of  1867  will  mark,  I  hope,  a  new  era  of  har¬ 
mony  and  of  progress.  Assured  that  Pi  evidence  blesses  the 
efforts  of  those  who,  like  ourselves,  aim  at  doing  good,  I  believe 
in  the  final  triumph  of  those  great  principles  of  morality  and 
justice,  which,  in  satisfying  all  legitimate  aspirations,  can  alone 
consolidate  thrones,  exalt  nations,  and  ennoble  humanity. 

I  have  looked  carefully  to  the  awards,  and  I  believe 
they  should  be  classed  as  follows  :  — 

The  Imperial  Cross  of  the  Legion  of  Honor. 
New  Order  of  Recompenses. 

Grand  Prizes. 

Gold  Medals. 

Silver  Medals. 

Bronze  Medals, 

Honorable  Mention. 

There  were  many  varieties  of  goods  deserving  the 
attention  of  the  jury,  and  which  received  the  notice  and 
commendation  of  visitors,  that  obtained  no  official  recog- 


SENATE— No.  333. 


45 


1868.] 


nition  ;  namely,  such  as  arrived  too  late,  and  such  as 
had  no  person  present  to  explain  their  uses  and  their 
value.  The  variety  of  articles  from  Massachusetts, 
though  limited,  still  did  not  suffer  in  comparison  with 
those  from  any  other  State.  I  deem  it  proper  to  sub¬ 
join  the  names  of  the  contributors  from  this  State,  of 
those  who  received  awards,  the  grade  of  their  awards 
and  the  goods  for  which  they  were  bestowed. 


To  Chickering  &  Sons,  of  Boston,  for  Pianos,  —  a  G'old 
Medal  and  the  Cross  of  the  Legion  of  Honor, 

Never  before,  probably,  was  there  collected  together 
so  great  a  number  and  variety  of  pianos  from  the  best 
manufactories  in  the  world.  The  highest  award 
bestowed  upon  any  competitor  was  the  Cross  of  the 
Legion  of  Honor.  This  was  conferred  by  the  Emperor 
upon  Mr.  Chickering,  of  the  well-known  firm  of  Chick¬ 
ering  &  Sons,  of  Boston.  It  was  an  extra  compliment, 
higher  than  and  additional  to  the  Gold  Medal,  and  no 
other  competitor  for  prizes  received  the  honorable 
recognition. 

The  following  is  an  editorial  from  the  “  Paris 
Times”:  ‘^Chickering  &  Sons’  concert  in  the  Expo¬ 
sition  on  Thursday,  May  23,  on  the  occasion  of  uncov¬ 
ering  a  bust  of  Liszt,  the  world-renowned  pianist,  was  a 
complete  success.  And  where  should  the  bust  of  this 
great  artist  first  be  seen,  if  not  with  the  best  pianos  ? 
And  tlie  most  eminent  musical  artists  place  Chickering 
&  Sons’  in  the  front  rank.  It  is  conceded  that  their 
instr\iments  surpass  all  others.  There  was  present  at 
this  concert  a  vast  number  of  listeners,  and  among  them 


46 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


many  in  high  official  position  and  those  eminent  for 
musical  talent.  Never  did  the  piano  give  evidence  of 
greater  perfection  or  produce  a  happier  effect  than  did 
Chickerings’  on  this  occasion.  The  spirit  of  the  great 
Liszt  seemed  to  touch  tlie  keys,  direct  the  music,  and 
animate  the  great  assembly.” 

To  Mason  &  Hamlin,  of  Boston,  for  Cabinet  Organs,  —  a 
Silver  Medal. 

This  ‘firm  displayed  some  of  the  finest  and  most 
attractive  instruments  in  the  Exposition,  and  obtained 
for  tliem  a  reputation  abroad  commensurate  with  that  at 
home.  Mason  &  Hamlin  have  labored  long  and  hard  to 
perfect  their  Cabinet  Organs ;  and  by  means  of  the 

Automatic  Bellows  Swell,”  the  “  Self-adjusting  Reed 
Valves,”  and  various  other  patents  owned  by  and  exclu¬ 
sively  used  by  them,  a  remarkably  varied  and  rich  tone 
is  produced,  unequalled  by  that  of  any  other  organ  of 
its  kind.  These  organs  have  great  depth  and  fulness  of 
sound,  and  their  tones  seem  to  proceed  from  real  pipes. 

The  judges,  in  making  up  their  award,  considered 
their  durability,  beauty,  ease  and  perfectness  of  action, 
quality  of  tone,  and  economy  of  price. 

Mason  &  Hamlin  have  been  the  recipients  of  seventy 
premiums  for  their  instruments  on  previous  occasions  ; 
but  the  award  conferred  by  the  Paris  Exposition  may  be 
deemed  their  crowning  glory. 

It  will  be  a  source  of  reasonable  pride  and  pleasure  to 
our  citizens  to  learn  that,  for  harmonious  instruments,  — 
Pianos  and  Cabinet  Organs,  —  Massachusetts  won  the 
highest  honor  in  the  contest  of  the  world. 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  333. 


47 


To  Walter  Baker  &  Co.,  of  Dorchester,  for  cocoa  and 
Chocolate,  —  a  Silver  Medal. 

When  it  is  understood  that  nearly  every  nation  repre¬ 
sented  in  the  Exposition  furnished  a  variety  of  these 
articles,  and  that  France  is  the  chief  place  for  the  manu¬ 
facture  of  chocolate,  it  will  be  considered  a  credit  to  our 
country  and  State,  and  a  high  honor  to  Mr.  Baker,  that 
he  should  be  made  the  recipient  of  the  highest  award 
rendered  for  Cocoa  and  Chocolate. 

An  English  journal,  referring  to  the  matter,  says: 
“  Walter  Baker’s  Chocolate,  of  Boston,  Massachusetts, 
United  States  of  America,  is  shown  in  ten  or  twelve 
varieties.  We  were  kindly  permitted  to  see  the  differ¬ 
ent  cases  opened,  and  to  taste  the  quality ;  and  we  con¬ 
fess  that  it  has  never  been  our  fortune  to  see  this  most 
wholesome  article  of  domestic  luxury  so  neatly  put  up, 
of  such  fine  grain  and  luscious  taste,  as  this  chocolate 
of  Baker’s.  We  do  not  think  it  can  be  surpassed  for 
quality  or  flavor  by  any  goods  of  the  same  class  in  the 
Exhibition,  if  in  the  world.” 

Pratt  &  Wentworth,  of  Boston,  for  their  Peerless  Cooking 
Stove,  —  a  Bronze  Medal. 

This  was  the  highest  award  for  Cooking  Stoves. 

The  Peerless  ”  was  admired  for  its  excellent  qualities, 
and  especially  for  its  economy  in  the  use  of  fuel.  For 
perfection  of  design  and  beauty  of  castings  it  surpassed 
all  others  in  the  Exposition. 

The  following  is  from  an  editorial  in  an  English  jour¬ 
nal:  “The  United  States  are  not  largely  represented, 
but  wbat  has  been  sent  is,  in  the  main,  of  practical 


48 


PAllIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May 


importance.  Among  the  articles  tliat  arrest  the  atten¬ 
tion  of  visitors,  and  that  we  were  much  interested  in, 
was  a  cooking  stove,  the  Peerless,  manufactured  by 
Messrs.  Pratt  &  Wentworth,  of  Boston,  Massachusetts. 
This  is  a  perfect  gem.  For  fine  castings,  variety  of  fur¬ 
niture,  and  beauty  of  finish,  we  have  never  seen  it  sur¬ 
passed.  It  will  do  anything  that  can  be  done  with  a 
range  or  any  other  stove.  It  bakes  splendidly,  giving 
wliat  many  stoves  fail  in  altogether,  a  perfectly  even 
heat.  It  roasts  by  a  rotary  spit,  and  is  equal  to  an  open 
fire,  and  is  so  constructed  as  to  use  tlie  heat  most 
economically.  It  is  unquestionably  the  best  stove  for 
families,  restaurants,  and  small  hotels,  now  in  use.  It 
attracts  great  attention  from  visitors  to  the  Exposition, 
and  ladies  are  charmed  with  it.’’ 

To  William  C.  Chapin,  of  Lawrence,  Agent  of  the  Pacific 
Mills,  for  “persons,  establishments,  or  localities,  which,  by 
a  special  organization  or  special  institutions,  have  devel¬ 
oped  a  spirit  of  harmony  among  all  those  co-operating  in 
the  same  work,  and  have  provided  for  the  material,  moral, 
and  intellectual  well-being  of  the  workman,”  one  Grand 
Prize,  —  a  Gold  Medal^  —  of  the  value  of  one  thousand 
francs,  and  Nine  Thousand  Francs  in  gold. 

The  foregoing  is  a  new  order  of  recompense,  and  one 
of  very  great  signification  and  importance.  It  was  a 
high  compliment  to  Massachusetts  that  the  Pacific  Mills, 
of  Lawrence,  was  the  only  recipient  of  the  honor  in  the 
United  States.  Nothing  in  the  whole  list  of  awards 
more  clearly  evinces  the  humanity  and  shrewd  forecast 
of  the  Emperor,  or  tends  to  greater  results.  It  will 


SENATE— No.  333. 


49 


1868.] 


excite  an  emulation  that  ought  ever  to  be  encouraged. 

That  the  people  of  the  State  and  country  may  under¬ 
stand  tlie  subject,  we  copy  a  full  description  of  the  works 
upon  which  the  award  was  made. 

STATEMENT  OF  THE  PACIFIC  MILLS,  PRESENTED  TO  THE  SPECIAL 
JURY  OF  THE  PARIS  EXPOSITION  OF  1867. 

“  Pacific  Mills  ”  is  the  corporate  name  of  a  joint  stock  com¬ 
pany,  devoted  to  the  manufacture,  from  the  raw  staples,  of 
ladies’  dress  goods,  of  cotton  wholly,  of  worsted  wholly,  and  of 
cotton  and  wool  combined,  and  the  printing  or  dyeing  of  the 
same.  It  is  located  in  Lawrence,  State  of  Massachusetts,  United 
States  cf  America,  twenty-six  miles  from  Boston.  Its  Post 
Office  address  is 

“PACIFIC  MILLS, 

Lawrence,  Mass., 

United  States  of  America^ 

J.  Wiley  Ed3IANDs,  Boston,  is  treasurer  of  the  company,  and 
Wm.  C.  Chapin,  of  Lawrence,  the  local  agent  or  manager. 

The  management  is  confided,  by  about  one  hundred  and  fifty 
stockholders,  to  nine  directors,  chosen  annually. 

The  original  number  of  shares  of  the  company  was  one  thou¬ 
sand,  costing  one  thousand  dollars,  or  five  thousand  francs  eacb> 
making  a  total  capital  of  one  million  dollars,  or  five  million 
francs.  The  cost  of  the  buildings  and  machinery  having  exceeded 
this  sum,  fifteen  hundred  shares  more,  at  same  cost,  were  issued, 
making  the  total  number  .of  shares  to  be  twenty-five  hundred, 
and  the  cost  of  the  capital  stock  two  and  a  half  million  dollars^ 
or  twelve  and  a  half  million  francs. 

They  commenced  operations  near  the  close  of  the  year  1853, 
but  no  goods  were  ready  for  market  until  the  spring  of  1854. 
The  amount  of  machinery  then  consisted  of  one  thousand  looms, 
with  carding,  spinning,  and  dressing  machinery  sufficient  to 


50 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


supply  them,  together  with  combing  machines  and  spinning  for 
worsted  yarn,  used  in  the  manufacture  of  mixed  fabrics,  and  was 
equal  to  the  production  of  about  two  hundred  thousand  yards, 
weekly,  of  calicoes  and  mousseline  de-laines,  with  ten  printing 
machines  for  preparing  these  goods  for  market. 

The  buildings  and  machinery  have  since  been  increased,  so 
that  there  are  now  in  operation  about  one  hundred  thousand 
spindles  for  spinning  cotton,  with  cleaning,  picking,  and  carding 
machines  to  supply  them,  and  about  sixteen  thousand  spindles 
for  worsted,  with  all  the  necessary  preparing  machines  to  occupy 
thirty-five  hundred  looms  for  weaving  the  two  classes  of  goods 
above  named,  and  others,  together  with  eighteen  printing  ma¬ 
chines,*  producing  a  weekly  average  of  about  seven  hundred 
thousand  yards.  The  machinery  is  propelled  by  eight  turbine 
wheels,  six  of  them  being  seventy-two  inches  in  diameter,  and 
two  eighty-four  inches  in  diameter,  with  a  fall  of  water  equal  to 
twenty-six  feet,  yielding  fifteen  hundred  horse  power. 

The  average  sale  of  the  manufactured  good  of  the  company, 
for  a  few  years  past,  has  exceeded  seven  and  a  half  million 
dollars,  or  thirty-seven  and  a  half  million  francs. 

About  thirty-six  hundred  work-people  are  now  employed  by 
the  company ;  of  these  there  are  sixteen  hundred  and  eighty 
men,  fifteen  hundred  and  ten  women,  eighty  boys  between  ten 
and  twelve  years,  one  hundred  and  forty  boys  from  twelve  to 
eighteen  years,  forty  girls  from  ten  to  twelve  years,  and  one 
hundred  and  fifty  girls  from  twelve  to  eighteen  years. 

In  the  origin  of  the  establishment,  the  principle  was  adopted 
by  the  managers  that  there  was  to  be  a  mutual  dependence 
between  employers  and  employed,  each  having  rights  which  the 
other  should  respect ;  and  that,  inasmuch  as  the  success  of  the 
proprietors  must  depend  much  upon  the  cheerful  and  intelligent 


»  The  number  of  printing  machines  is  now  twenty-two. 


1868.] 


SENATE— Xo.  333. 


51 


co-operation  of  the  work-people,  certain  plans  were  adopted  to 
secure  “  the  material,  moral,  and  intellectual  welfare  of  the  work¬ 
men,  both  as  a  duty  to  them,  and  one  of  self-interest  to  the 
proprietor. 


MATERIAL. 

For  the  material  well-being  of  the  laborers,  special  care  was 
used  in  the  original  construction  of  the  work-rooms,  to  make 
them  cheerful,  comfortable,  and  well  ventilated,  so  as  to  avoid,  as 
far  as  possible,  the  unpleasant  drudgery  of  work,  and  to  secure 
order  and  neatness  throughout. 

Houses  were  constructed  for  dwellings,  which  should  give  to 
families  residences  at  moderate  cost  of  rent,  that  would  secure 
the  health  and  comfort  of  the  w^ork-people,  while  they  were 
cheerful  and  attractive.  Men  pay  for  these  houses  a  weekly 
rent  about  equal  to  one-eighth  of  their  wages.  Large  buildings 
were  erected  for  the  use  of  single  females  whose  residences  were 
at  a  distance,  and  divided  into  seventeen  large  apartments, 
•capable  of  accommodating  eight  hundred  and  twenty-five  persons 
in  the  aggregate.  The  rooms  are  arranged  for  two  persons  each ; 
well  ventilated  and  lighted,  and  comfortably  furnished.  Unmar¬ 
ried  men  are  never  allowed  to  lodge  in  these  houses,  nor  in  any 
case  a  married  man  excepting  he  is  accompanied  by  his  wife, 
and  even  then  but  rarely.  Females  pay  about  one-third  of  their 
average  wages  for  rooms  in  these  boarding  houses,  including 
food,  lights,  and  washing.  Fuel  for  fires  in  the  rooms  is  an 
extra  expense. 

It  is  common  to  provide  coal,  and  sometimes  flour,  for  the 
work-people,  at  the  cost  price  of  large  quantities. 

Another  effort  for  the  material  welfare  of  the  operatives  was 
adopted  in  the  earliest  history  of  ifhe  enterprise,  and  has  been 
continued  for  nearly  thirteen  years,  with  marked  success,  doing 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


52 


[May, 


much  to  promote  “  harmony  among  all  those  co-operating,”  and 
to  establish  a  bond  of  sympathy  and  union. 

An  association  was  formed,  called  “  Pacific  Mills  Relief 
Society,”  of  which  each  person  employed  by  the  company  must 
be  a  member,  the  entire  management  thereof  being  in  the  hands 
of  the  work-people,  each  officer  being  chosen  by  themselves  from 
their  own  number,  excepting  the  President,  which  office  has 
always  been  filled  by  the  resident  agent  or  manager,  who  seldom 
acts,  however,  excepting  as  counsellor  or  umpire. 

Each  person,  on  commencing  service,  elects  whether  he  will 
pay  two,  four,  or  six  cents  per  week  to  the  Relief  Fund,  the 
lower  sum  being  a  little  more  than  one-hundredth  part  of  the 
weekly  averages  of  those  who  are  the  youngest,  and  consequently 
least  paid,  and  the  highest  sum,  six  cents  weekly,  bearing  the 
same  proportion  to  the  average  weekly  vrages  of  the  entire  bcdy 
of  work-people.  When  the  sum  in  the  hands  of  the  treasurer  of 
the  society,  who  is  always  the  confidential  clerk  of  the  company 
and  keeps  the  deposit  with  the  company  for  protection,  has  reached 
the  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars,  the  weekly  subscription  of  all 
persons  who  have  been  employed  by  the  company  three  months  - 
ceases,  while  it  continues  with  the  new  comers. 

This  condition  of  funds  occurs  so  often  that  for  nearly  one- 
half  the  time  the  older  employees  are  not  assessed,  and  the  real 
sum  withdrawn  from  their  wages  annually  is  a  very  small  pro¬ 
portion  of  their  wages,  and  is  far  from  being  a  burden  to  the 
poorest. 

When  a  person  has  been  in  the  employment  of  the  company 
three  months,  and  consequently  for  that  time  paid  his  elected 
sum  to  the  funds  of  the  Relief  Society,  he  becomes  a  full  mem¬ 
ber  of  that  society,  and  entitled  to  certain  privileges.  If  sickness 
occurs,  preventing  him  from  labor,  and  he  sends  notice  to  the 
overseer  or  head  workman  of  his  room,  one  of  the  appointed 
stewards  is  sent  to  learn  the  nature  of  the  illness,  and  the  sick 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  333. 


53 


one  becomes  the  special  charge  of  this  steward,  who  for  a  man  is 
one  of  his  own  sex,  or  if  a  female,  a  woman,  and  it  is  this  stew¬ 
ard’s  duty  to  see  that  a  nurse  and  physician  are  secured,  if  nec¬ 
essary,  and  to  draw  from  the  wardrobe  of  the  society  such  changes 
of  personal  and  bed  linen  as  the  circumstances  demand. 

Each  sick  person,  if  the  illness  continues  one  week,  is  thence¬ 
forward  granted  an  allowance  from  the  funds  of  the  society 
He  who  has  paid  two  cents  pei  w^eek  for  at  least  three  months, 
receives  one  dollar  and  a  quarter  weekly,  for  the  period  of 
twenty-six  weeks,  if  sick  so  long.  Double  this  sum  is  allowed 
if  four  cents  have  been  paid,  and  three  dollars  and  three-quarters 
when  the  amount  paid  has  been  six  cents  weekly.  In  cases  of 
special  need  the  oflacers  of  the  society  are  authorized  to  make  an 
extra  allowance,  though  great  care  is  used  in  such  a  dispensa¬ 
tion.  Those  who  die  poor  have  their  funeral  expenses  paid,  and 
are  respectably  buried  in  the  beautiful  lot  in  the  city  cemetery 
belonging  to  the  society.  In  some  cases  the  deceased  has  been 
sent  to  his  native  town,  by  the  desire  of  his  friends,  without 
cost  to  them  if  they  were  poor. 

Sick  members  are  often  accompanied  to  their  friends  by  a 
steward,  or  the  overseer  of  their  workroom,  when  too  feeble  to  go 
alone,  or  the  friends  too  poor  to  come  for  them.  The  blessings 
of  this  society  are  thus  made  known  to  parties  at  a  distance,  and 
it  often  induces  persons  of  excellent  character  to  seek  employ¬ 
ment  of  this  company,  while  those  who  have  secured  the  benefits 
of  the  Kelief  Society  retain  it  in  warm  remembrance.  More 
than  one  poor  mother,  whose  only  €hild,  while  a  member  of  this 
society,  has  been  disabled  by  sickness,  has  found  the  weekly 
allowance  an  invaluable  aid  to  her  slight  income,  and  called 
loudly  for  blessings  upon  its  officers  and  the  institution  engaged 
in  such  a  work  of  merciful  kindness.  Many  a  father  or  mother 
or  other  relative,  whose  child  or  friend  has  been  sent  to  this 
company,  have  besought  the  blessings  of  Heaven  upon  the 


54 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


members  of  this  society  who  have  cared  for  their  absent  ones  in 
time  of  sickness,  and  soothed  them  as  they  have  faded  away  from 
life. 

Though  there  is  not  space  for  details  of  great  interest,  it  must 
be  seen  that  this  plan  has  a  direct  tendency  to  promote  sympa¬ 
thy  for  each  other  among  the  work-people,  and  to  secure  a  bond 
of  union.  Most  surely  those  who  daily  observe  its  workings 
see  it. 

It  will  also  be  noticed  that  a  very  important  feature  of  this 
plan  is  that  it  is  an  association  of  the  work-people  themselves, 
wholly  controlled  by  them,  and  consequently  sure  of  permanencyj 
while  favored  to  its  present  extent  by  the  employers.  This  is 
likely  to  continue,  because  they  witness  its  important  influences 
and  usefulness. 

The  total  amount  of  money  expended  for  the  benefit  of  sick 
members  in  twelve  years  of  its  existence,  ending  in  April,  1866, 
has  been  twenty-five  thousand  five  hundred  and  thirty  dollars 
and  sixty-eight  cents,  or  one  hundred  and  twenty-seven  thousand 
six  hundred  and  fifty-three  francs,  to  eighteen  hundred  and 
sixty-eight  persons ;  and  the  amount  paid  to  the  fund  has 
exceeded  this  sum  about  twelve  hundred  dollars.  The  corpora¬ 
tion  contributes  w^eekly  to  this  fund,  and  also  to  meet  individual 
cases  which  are  especially  aggravated. 


MORAI:. 

To  meet  the  protection  of  the  large  number  of  single  females 
employed  by  the  company,  who,  as  is  often  the  fact  in  the  manu¬ 
facturing  establishments  of  the  United  States,  and  perhaps  else¬ 
where,  are  away  from  the  guardianship  of  their  friends,  the 
boarding  houses  referred  to  above  are  controlled  by  persons  care¬ 
fully  selected  for  their  ability  to  influence  this  class  of  work¬ 
people,  of  established  good  character,  wdro  will  take  an  interest 
to  secure  the  comfort  of  their  boarders,  and  save  them  from  bad 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  333. 


55 


moral  influences,  acting  really,  as  far  as  possible,  in.  the  place  of 
guardians.  If  a  young  female  is  known  to  visit  places  of  even¬ 
ing  amusement  of  doubtful  character,  or  gives  any  reason  for 
suspicion  that  she  is  guilty  of  immorality,  or  even  of  careless, 
unguarded  conduct,  she  is  admonished,  and  if  reform  is  not 
immediate  she  is  discharged  trom  the  house  and  from  employ¬ 
ment. 

The  doors  of  the  house  are  locked  at  ten  o’clock  at  night,  and 
no  one  allowed  to  be  out  after  that  hour  without  a  satisfactory 
excuse.  Doubtless  persons  of  immoral  character  secure  employ¬ 
ment  by  the  company,  and  by  superior  secrecy  retain  their  con¬ 
nection.  Among  so  large  a  number  some  will  be  impure,  but  it 
is  believed  that  very  few  of  these  females  are  led  astray  while 
connected  with  the  mill,  if  virtuous  when  commencing  work.  It 
is  impossible  for  an  openly  vile  person  to  retain  connection  with 
the  company. 

Men  of  intemperate  habits,  or  of  general  bad  character,  are 
excluded  from  the  company’s  service,  though  patience  with  them 
is  encouraged,  with  the  hope  of  securing  reform,  and  this  for¬ 
bearance  and  attendant  labor  has  often  been  rewarded.  It  is  an 
established  principle  that  all  profanity  or  other  bad  language, 
any  bad  example,  or  even  abuse  of  authority  among  the  head 
workmen,  must  be  strictly  avoided,  especially  when  these  over¬ 
seers  have  in  their  charge  females  or  young  persons.  More  than 
one  such  responsible  workman  has  been  removed  for  using 
improper  words,  or  ill-treating  subordinates.  It  is  absolutely 
demanded  of  these  persons  that  they  treat  those  under  tlTem  as 
they  would  desire  to  be  treated  themselves  if  in  their  position. 

The  directors  have  placed  their  associate,  the  manager,  at  the 
works,  to  represent  their  feelings  to  the  work-people ;  to  show 
them  sympathy  in  their  trials ;  to  counsel  them  in  their  need  of 
advice,  and  to  be  their  Friend. 

Careful  efforts  have  been  made  by  him  to  secure  their  confi- 


66 


PAllIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


deuce,  and  he  has  cultivated  the  conviction  that  they  could  ever 
find  -in  him  a  father,  a  brother,  or  friend.  Many  hearts  have 
been  moved  to  earnest  gratitude  for  the  aid  which  they  have 
thus  secured  in  their  time  of  need.  It  requires  a  vast  amount  of 
patient  listening  to  complaints  ;  to  tales  of  sorrow  and  want ;  but 
it  has  had  its  reward  in  seeing  so  many  relieved  and  made  glad 
and  hopeful.  The  real  moral  effect  and  the  real  satisfaction  in 
such  a  relation  between  employer  and  employed  cannot  be 
written.  The  spirit  of  the  employer  is  imparted  to  the  more 
responsible  and  influential  workmen,  and  to  those  under  them, 
while  a  healthy  moral  condition  is  secured. 

INTELLECTUAL. 

When  the  company  was  first  established,  the  directors  appro¬ 
priated  one  thousand  dollars,  or  five  thousand  francs,  for  the 
purchase  of  suitable  books  for  a  Circulating  Library,  and  pro¬ 
vided  a  suitable  room  for  it  on  their  premises.  The  work¬ 
people  have  always  been  required  to  pay  one  cent  each  week 
during  their  services,  and  they  thus  become  members  of  the 
Pacific  Mills  Library  Association,  which  is  managed  entirely  by 
themselves,  they  choosing  their  own  ofiicers  for  the  control  of  its 
affairs,  and  for  the  selection  of  books,  but  selecting  one  resident 
manager  for  the  President  and  Chairman  of  the  Library  Com¬ 
mittee.  This  weekly  payment  secures  the  privilege  of  the  use 
of  the  Library  and  Reading  Rooms  of  the  society.  One  room  is 
appropriated  to  males,  and  is  supplied  with  the  local  newspapers 
of  the  city,  and  of  Boston  and  New  York,  together  with  numer¬ 
ous  serials  of  a  scientific  and  literary  character,  and  is  open  from 
six  o’clock  A.  M.  till  nine  p.  m.,  warmed  and  lighted.  It  is  in 
close  proximity  to  the  other  room  containing  the  library,  now 
exceeding  four  thousand  volumes,  and  also  a  cheerful,  airy,  com¬ 
fortable  apartment  for  the  females,  which  is  carpeted  and  made 
attractive  by  daily  and  weekly  publications,  specially  adapted  to 


SENATE— No.  333. 


57 


1868.] 

their  wants,  and  stereoscopes  with  numerous  slides,  all  in  charge 
of  an  intelligent  and  cultivated  young  lady.  It  is  open  from 
nine  o’clock  a.  m.  till  nine  o’clock  p.  m.,  and  is  much  frequented 
and  valued. 

A  large  number  of  volumes  of  the  Library  are  in  constant 
circulation,  as  the  number  of  the  \^ork-people  who  cannot  read  or 
write  does  not  exceed  fifty  in  one  thousand,  and  these  are  prin¬ 
cipally  of  foreign  birth.  All  new  publications  adapted  to  this 
class  of  readers  are  bought  as  soon  as  published.  The  privilege 
of  taking  books  from  the  library  is  extended  to  members  of  fami¬ 
lies  whose  head  is  a  member  of  this  association. 

The  funds  of  the  society  are  also  used  to  purchase  tickets  of 
admission  to  lectures  and  suitable  popular  amusements,  which 
are  distributed  among  the  members.  This  association  as  well  as 
the  Relief  Society,  it  will  be  seen,  is  supported  and  managed  by 
the  wmrk-people  themselves,  who  secure  a  valuable  return  for 
their  small  outlay,  and.  also  the  permanency  of  its  operations, 
avoiding  the  dependence  for  existence  and  usefulness  upon  the 
life  or  e  ven  connection  of  any  one  person  of  special  prominence 

The  law  of  the  State  forbids  the  employment  of  children  under 
ten  years  of  age,  and  requires  that  children  employed  between 
ten  and  twelve  years  of  age  shall  be  in  school  sixteen  weeks  of 
each  year,  and  those  between  twelve  and  sixteen  years,  eleven 
w'eeks.  The  company  contribute  annually  to  the  support  of  an 
evening  school  for  both  sexes. 

! 

SUCCESS. 

It  has  often  been  stated  that  care  of  employers  for  the  educa-  j 
tion  and  welfare  of  their  operatives,  especially  to  the  extent 
herein  shown,  is  incompatible  with  pecuniary  success.  Facts 
prove  that  this  is  not  true  with  Pacific  Mills,  but  others  must 
determine  how  much  of  this  is  due  to  the  principles  of  action 
established  and  maintained.  It  is  also  believed  that  the  work- 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


58 


[May, 


people  have  received  great  benefit.  Some  of  the  evidences  of 
this  are  the  following  : 

1.  There  have  been  no  strikes  among  the  "work-people,  which 
are  their  curse  and  the  dread  of  employers.  They  have  been 
encouraged  to  feel  that  any  grievances  will  be  patiently  listened 
to,  and  frankly  discussed,  and  the  result  has  always  been  favor¬ 
able  to  good  order.  By  no  means  has  every  uneasy  spirit  been 
quieted,  but  the  mass  has  been  satisfied. 

2.  A  higher  class  of  workmen  has  been  secured.  Those  best 
able  to  appreciate  the  privileges  enjoyed  in  connection  with  this 
company  have  been  drawn  thither  for  employment.  Specially  is 
this  true  among  the  Overseers  who  engage  the  laborers  in  their 
different  departments,  and  give  character  to  the  mass.  Their 
intelligence  and  hearty  co-operation  in  the  plans  for  the  material, 
moral,  and  intellectual  advancement  of  the  operatives,  mould  the 
whole  and  secure  a  higher  standard.  The  general  influence  of 
the  principles  adopted  by  the  company  leads  these  prominent 
workmen  to  feel  that  they  are  intrusted  with  a  degree  of  guard¬ 
ianship  of  those  under  them,  and  this  feeling  is  very  manifest. 
Respect  for  the  manhood  of  a  workman  moulds  him. 

3.  Many  of  the  work-people  have  invested  their  funds  in 
Savings  Banks,  and  this  is  specially  encouraged.  Formerly  the 
company  received  deposits  from  the  work-people,  allowing  an 
annual  interest  of  six  per  cent.,  but  for  some  prudential  reasons 
this  plan  was  abandoned,  and  the  depositors  were  encouraged  to 
invest  in  chartered  banks.  The  company  held  in  their  hands,  at 
one  time,  more  than  one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  or  five  hun¬ 
dred  thousand  francs,  of  the  savings  of  their  work-people,  which 
has  been  changed  into  other  channels.  There  is  no  doubt  that 
their  deposits  now  exceed  this  sum  largely. 

4.  Quite  a  number  of  the  work-people  own  houses  free  of 
debt,  while  others  have  been  partially  assisted  by  the  company,  it 
receiving  a  portion  of  their  wages  each  month  in  reduction  of  the 


SENATE— No.  333. 


1868.] 


59 


debt.  More  than  fifty  thousand  dollars,  or  two  hundred  and 
fifty  thousand  francs,  are  thus  invested. 

5.  Others  invest  their  funds  in  the  bonds  of  the  United  States 
Government  in  preference  to  Savings  Banks. 

6.  Several  of  the  workmen  are  owners  of  the  Stock  of  the 
company,  and  have  the  same  rights  in  regard  to  the  control  of 
the  officers  and  general  management  as  other  stockholders. 
Their  stock  has  now  a  market  value  exceeding  sixty  thousand 
dollars. 

7.  Investments  of  earnings  in  premiums  on  Life  Insurance 
has  been  made  by  many  of  the  workmen. 

8.  More  than  one  of  the  workmen  has  been  a  member  of  the 
City  Government  in  its  Board  of  Aldermen  and  Common  Coun¬ 
cil,  and  not  an  annual  election  passes  without  the  choice  of  one 
or  more  to  some  of  these  important  offices. 

The  pecuniary  success  of  the  company  has  warranted  a  liberal 
spirit  in  the  payment  of  wages  to  the  work-people.  The  least 
sum  now  paid  in  weekly  wages  to  the  youngest  employee  is  one 
dollar  and  eighty-two  cents  in  gold,  a  little  more  than  nine  francs, 
and  the  number  belonging  to  this  class  is  very  small.  Boys  of 
sixteen  years  do  not  receive  less  than  two  dollars  and  eighty-five 
cents  gold  weekly,  or  more  than  fourteen  francs.  The  least 
amount  paid  weekly  to  men  is  six  dollars  and  three-quarters 
gold,  or  nearly  thirty-four  francs,  while  a  very  large  majority 
receive  much  more.  Females  receive  from  two  dollars  forty- 
eight  cents  gold  weekly,  or  about  twelve  and  a  half  francs  for 
the  lowest,  to  six  dollars  and  seventy-two  cents  gold,  or  more 
than  thirty-three  francs  ;  while  a  few  earn  more.  This  excepts 
young  girls,  whose  wages  are  the  least  sum  named  above. 

Spinners,  weavers,  and  a  few  others,  are  paid  in  accordance 
with  their  products,  some  of  them  earning  very  large  wages. 

The  stockholders,  as  previously  stated,  have  invested  ^2,500- 
000  in  the  company.  During  the  past  twelve  years  they  have 


60 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 

received  in  dividends  more  than  $3^000,000,  and  the  fixed 
property  has  cost  a  much  larger  sum  than  the  amount  of  the 
capital  stock.  The  Treasurer,  furthermore,  holds  in  his  posses¬ 
sion  a  very  large  amount  of  undivided  earnings,  with  which  to 
purchase  cotton,  wool,  and  other  materials  for  cash. 

To  S.  Slater  &  Sons,  of  Webster,  for  Woolen  Fabrics,  Broad¬ 
cloths,  Doeskins,  and  for  cotton  goods,  —  a  Silver  Medal. 

This  firm  exhibited  ten  pieces  of  black  woolen  fabrics. 
Four  of  them  were  made  entirely  of  fleeces  grown  in  the 
United  States ;  the  other  six  were  made  of  fleeces,  part 
of  which  were  grown  in  this  country  and  part  in  South 
America. 

All  the  goods  of  this  company  were  of  extra  quality 
and  very  beautiful  in  finish. 

To  Hadley  Company,  of  Holyoke,  for  Spool  Cotton,  —  a 
Bronze  Medal. 

To  William  Bond  &  Son,  of  Boston,  for  Astronomical  Clocks, 
Chronometers,  and  Watches,  —  a  Silver  Medal. 

This  firm  exhibited  three  instruments,  viz.  : 

1.  A  very  beautiful  astronomical  clock  with  marble 
case,  similar  to  one  made  by  the  firm  for  the  observatory 
at  Liverpool,  England.  Several  peculiarities  of  this 
clock  attracted  marked  attention. 

2.  A  chronograph,  or  instrument  for  recording  astro¬ 
nomical  observations  by  electricity.  This  instrument 
excited  much  notice  at  the  World’s  Fair  in  London,  in 
1851,  where  it  received  a  grand  medal. 

3.  A  marine  chronometer  in  rosewood  case,  finely 
finished. 


SENATE— No.  333. 


61 


1868.] 

All  these  instruments  were  much  admired  by  horolo- 
gists  and  mechanicians. 

To  Clark’s  Patent  Steam  and  Fire  Regulator  Company, 
S.  T.  Bacon,  Boston,  Agent,  —  Honorable  Mention, 

This  apparatus  has  three  principal  features  that  com¬ 
mend  it  to  the  notice  of  all  who  use  steam  for  any  pur¬ 
pose.  1.  It  is  said  to  save  about  twenty  per  cent,  of 
fuel  over  a  boiler  set  without  it.  2.  It  automatically 
holds  the  fires  nearly  uniform,  and  thereby  preserves  the 
boiler  and  grate  bars  from  being  injured  by  excessive 
heat.  3.  It  maintains  a  uniform  pressure  of  steam  on 
the  boiler,  and  prevents  an  undue  pressure  thereon. 
This  apparatus  was  also  in  constant  use  upon  Mr.  S.  T. 
Bacon’s  boiler,  and  its  operations  were  frequently 
studied  by  the  great  engineers  of  the  old  world. 

To  Bray  &  Hayes,  of  Boston,  for  Preserved  Lobsters,  —  Hon- 
orable  Mention. 

To  G.  Dwight,  Jr.,  &  Co.,  of  Springfield,  for  Steam  Pumps 
—  Honorable  Mention. 

To  the  American  Steam  Gauge  Company,  Boston,  “  Bordon’s 
Patent  ”  Steam  Pressure  Gauge  with  “  T.  W.  Lane’s 
Improvement.”  S.  T.  Bacon,  Agent,  —  Honorable  Men¬ 
tion. 

The  steam  gauge  is  of  French  origin,  but  in  practice 
it  was  found  to  be  defective,  and  Mr.  Lane,  an  American, 
has  applied  improvements  that  are  esteemed  equal  in 
importance  to  the  gauge  itself ;  and  it  should  be 
regarded  as  a  high  compliment  to  America  that  a 


62 


PAEIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


French  jury  should  reward  it  as  it  has  done.  This 
gauge  was  in  constant  use  upon  the  boiler  of  S.  T. 
Bacon’s  cracker  manufactory. 

To  D.  L.  Harris  &  Co.,  of  Springfield,  for  improved  Engine 
Lathe,  with  Yan  Horne’s  Patent  Tool  Elevator  and  Screw 
Cutter,  —  a  Bronze  Medal. 

This  firm  exhibited  one  of  their  engine  lathes  com¬ 
plete,  having  seven  feet  length  of  bed  and  capacity  for 
turning  twenty  inches  in  diameter.  This  lathe  was  very 
much  admired  for  its  fine  finish  and  correct  workman¬ 
ship.  Its  noticeable  features  were  its  patent  Yan  Horne 
tool  elevator  and  improved  feed  and  cross  feed.  The 
lathe  having  received  the  award  as  above,  was  sold  to 
remain  in  Paris. 

To  William  Edson,  Boston,  Hygrodeik.  S.  T.  Bacon,  Agent, 
—  Honorable  Mention. 

This  is  a  scientific  instrument  for  determining  the 
relative  humidity,  moisture,  &c.,  in  a  room.  A  member 
of  the  Academy  of  Sciences,  Paris,  pronounced  it  a  most 
perfect  instrument  for  this  important  branch  of  science. 

J.  B.  Boot’s  Patent  “  Trunk  Engine.”  S.  T.  Bacon, 
Boston,  Agent,  —  Bronze  Medal. 

It  seemed  almost  incredulous  that  this  little  piece  of 
mechanism,  occupying  but  twenty  inches  space,  and  so 
light  that  a  man  could  lift  it,  could  perform  the  labor  of 
six  horses.  Mr.  Bacon  took  it  to  the  Exposition  to 
exhibit  practical  results  by  driving  the  machinery  of  his 
establishment  in  the  Park.  Many  were  the  predictions 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  333. 


63 


of  failure  among  the  French  engineers  when  thej  saw 
the  machinery  to  be  propelled  and  the  engine  which  was 
to  perform  the  task ;  yet  it  easily  and  noiselessly 
acquitted  itself,  much  to  the  astonishment  of  those  who 
witnessed  its  working. 

D.  Jay  Bkowne,  Boston,  for  “  Enameled  Leather,”  —  Hon- 
orable  Mention. 

To  find  an  article  that  will  withstand  the  heat  and 
cold  to  which,  in  use,  it  is  subjected,  is  very  desirable. 
This  article  carried  off  the  palm  of  the  Exposition. 

To  Tucker  Manufacturing  Company,  of  Boston,  for  Bronzed 
Iron  Articles,  including  Chandeliers,  Lamps,  Clocks, 
Brackets,  Statuettes,  Paper  Weights,  &c.,  —  a  Silver 
Medal. 

In  France  and  in  other  European  countries  bronzed 
work  has  reached  a  high  degree  of  perfection.  Attempts 
have  been  often  made  to  bronze  iron  so  as  to  give  it  the 
beauty  and  durability  of  the  genuine  article;  but  with¬ 
out  avail,  till  Mr.  Tucker  accomplished  the  object  by  his 
new  process,  which  is  likely  to  work  a  revolution  in  this 
branch  of  business.  The  goods  manufactured  by  this 
process  are  beautiful  and  lasting  as  real  bronze,  and  not 
half  so  expensive. 

Mr.  Tucker’s  contributions  received  the  careful  atten¬ 
tion  of  foreign  workers  in  bronze.  The  King  of  Prussia 
who  manifested  much  interest  in  the  United  States’ 
contributions,  purchased  a  chandelier. 

The  French  official  journal,  the  Moniteur,”  spoke  as 
follows  in  reference  to  the  above-named  articles :  — 


64 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


Tucker  Manufacturing  Company.  —  We  desire  to 
call  the  attention  of  the  public  to  the  display  of  the 
company  above  mentioned,  at  the  Champ  de  Mars. 
This  display  consists  of  chandeliers,  consoles,  lamps, 
statuettes,  clock-cases,  paper-weights,  &c.  These  goods, 
of  excellent  workmanship,  are.  distinguished  from  all 
others  by  the  handsome  color  given  to  the  metal  by 
Tucker’s  new  method,  unknown  to  all  other  manufac¬ 
turers.  The  bronzes  made  by  this  method,  which  was 
invented  by  Mr.  Hiram  Tucker,  of  Boston,  yield  in  no 
respect  to  the  most  elegant  bronzes,  either  in  beauty  of 
color,  or  grace  of  design,  or  perfection  of  finish. 

“  The  designs  of  the  company  are  entirely  original. 
They  are  due  to  a  young  American,  Mr.  Francis 
Fracker,  an  artist  of  rare  merit,  attached  to  the  com¬ 
pany.  These  designs,  of  a  unique  kind,  display  a  taste 
perfectly  artistic,  and  on  this  account  these  goods 
attract  the  attention  of  visitors  and  buyers.  The 
inventors  have  for  a  long  time  sought  to  discover  some 
means  of  employing  iron  in  the  manufacture  of  articles 
as  beautiful  and  as  durable,  but  at  a  much  lower  price, 
as  those  of  bronze.  By  the  invention  of  this  method  Mr. 
Tucker  has  rendered  a  great  service  to  industry.” 

To  Yale  and  Winn  Manufacturing  Company,  of  Shelburne 
Falls,  for  Locks,  a  Silver  Medal. 

The  locks  exhibited  by  this  company  were  examined 
with  much  favor,  and  they  were  not  surpassed  by  any  in 
the  Exposition. 

The  Secretary  of  the  American  Commission  says  of 
vhem  :  Yale’s  patent  bank  vault,  safe,  and  door  locks 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  333. 


65 


were  exhibited  by  the  Yale  and  Winn  Manufacturing 
Company,  of  Shelburne  Falls,  Mass.  Linus  Yale,  Jr.,  is 
the  original  inventor  of  the  detached  bit-key,  as  shown 
in  the  double  treasury  lock  on  exhibition  at  Paris,  Yale 
has  improved  it  so  as  to  render  it  unpickable,  even  by 
micrometer,  and  unexplodable  by  powder.  He  has  also 
invented  the  famous  double-deal  bank  lock,  without  key- 
liole  or  key.  Mr.  Yale  says  that  since  these  locks  have 
been  put  in  use  they  have  not  been  picked,  nor  exploded 
with  powder.” 

To  G.  &  C.  Mekeiam,  of  Springfield,  for  Webster’s  Unabridged 
Illustrated  Dictionary,  — a  splendid  specimen  of  intellectual 
enterprise  and  of  mechanical  ingenuity  and  workmanship,  — 
was  awarded  a  Bronze  Medal. 


To  J.  F.  Babcock,  of  Boston,  for  Rosin  Oil,  —  a  Bronze 
Medal. 

The  superiority  of  this  over  other  oils  of  the  same  class 
consists  in  its  entire  freedom  from  offensive  odor,  and  in 
the  absence  of  tarry  or  other  coloring  matter  always 
found  in  the  product  of  distillation.  It  is  also  suitable 
for  currying  light  or  delicate  leathers  ;  and  when  mixed 
with  lubricating  oils  it  much  improves  their  quality. 

To  H.  Tilden,  of  Boston,  for  Flour  Sifter  and  Egg  Beater,  — 
Honorable  Mention. 

.  These  are  curious  and  clever  inventions,  not  costly, 
and  of  much  practical  utility. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


66 


[May, 


To  S.  T.  Bacon,  Boston  Cracker  Manufactory,  —  Honorable 
Mention. 

Among  the  many  objects  of  utility  displayed  at  the 
Exposition,  one  of  the  foremost  was  the  very  complete 
mechanical  system  of  Mr.  S.  T.  Bacon,  of  Boston,  for 
manufacturing  crackers  and  bread  of  various  descrip¬ 
tions,  as  seen  in  successful  daily  operation  in  the  Park 
—  Champ  de  Mars.  The  building,  machinery,  oven, 
steam-engine,  boiler,  and  all  the  appurtenances  were  of 
Boston  manufacture. 

This  exhibit  proved  as  interesting  as  it  was  important 
to  Europeans.  The  doors  and  windows  were  thronged 
by  crowds  eager  to  witness  the  operation  and  to  possess 
trophies  of  what  was  to  them  a  great  novelty  ;  for  strange 
as  it  may  appear  to  Americans,  who  manufacture  one 
hundred  million  pounds  of  crackers  annually,  nothing 
of  the  kind  exists  in  Europe.  Mr.  B.  was  visited,  and 
his  productions  complimented,  by  many  of  the  crowned 
rulers  of  the  old  world.  The  Empress  Eugenie  and  the 
Queen  of  Portugal  were  frequent  visitors  and  patrons. 
It  was  a  good  idea  of  the  projector  to  stamp  every 
cracker  BOSTON,”  as  they  were  sent  to  all  parts  of 
the  world. 

J.  F.  Paul  &  Co.,  Boston,  Wood  Mouldings,  Oval  Frames, 
Veneers,  and  Cabinet  Woods,  —  Honorable  Mention. 

The  articles  from  this  house  were  very  attractive.  The 
machine  for  cutting  veneers  should  have  been  sent  to 
have  added  another  to  the  list  of  gold  medals,  for  there 
was  much  interest  felt  to  see  a  machine  that  could  cut 
such  fine  specimens. 


SENATE— No.  333. 


67 


1868.] 

American  woods  do  not  suffer  by  comparison  with 
those  of  any  other  nation.  Wood  frames  were  little 
seen ;  fancy  gilt  seemed  to  prevail.  The  mouldings 
were  as  fine  as  any  on  exhibition. 

To  the  Partkidge  Fork  Works  Company,  of  Leominster,  for 
Hay  Forks,  Rakes,  and  Potato  Digger,  —  a  Silver  Medal. 

These  articles  were  the  best  of  the  kind  in  the  Expo¬ 
sition.  A  very  great  desire  was  expressed  by  many  to 
purchase  them.  They  were  sold  to  the  editor  of  the 
“London  Times,”  much  to  the  disappointment  of  the 
Emperor’s  foreman  on  his  farm,  who  very  much  desired 
them. 

To  Philander  Shaw,  of  Boston,  for  Hot  Air  Engine, — 
Bronze  Medal. 

Mr.  Shaw  found  it  very  difficult  to  obtain  a  location 
and  conveniences  properly  to  exhibit  his  machine.  Space 
was  finally  secured  for  it  in  the  Park,  outside  the  main 
building,  where  for  six  months  it  was  regularly  worked, 
eliciting  high  commendation  from  men  of  science.  A 
trial  of  the  machine  showed  that  it  would  accomplish  as 
much  in  a  given  time  by  air  expansion  as  any  other  by 
expanding  water,  and  with  half  the  cost  of  fuel.  It 
cannot  fail  to  become  a  popular  and  remunerative 
machine. 

To  Southern  Cotton  Gin  Company,  of  Bridgewater,  for 
Saw  and  Roller  Cotton  Gins,  —  a  Bronze  Medal. 

The  machine  exhibited  by  this  company  was  examined 
with  much  interest  by  manufacturers  of  cotton  gins  and 
those  who  are  engaged  in  their  use.  as  well  as  the  public 


68 


PAIUS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 

generally.  The  manufacture  of  cotton  gins  was  intro¬ 
duced  into  Massachusetts  in  1817  by  Mr.  Eleazer  Carver, 
and  they. are  now  manufactured  in  this  State  to  a  great 
extent,  there  being  three  manufactories  in  Bridgewater. 
It  is  safe  to  say,  that  Massachusetts  manufacturers  have 
done  more  than  all  others  to  bring  the  cotton  gin  to  its 
present  perfection,  and  we  were  much  pleased  to  observe 
the  attention  paid  to  the  machine,  and  the  recognition 
the  authorities  gave  it  at  the  Paris  Exposition.  It  was 
a  compliment  justly  merited. 

To  G.  CuOMPTON,  of  Worcester,  for  Loom  for  Woolen  Cassi- 
nieres,  —  a  Silver  Medal. 

This  loom  was  undeniably  the  most  perfect  machine 
of  its  kind  at  the  Exposition. 

To  the  Union  Button-Hole  and  Embroidery  Company,  of 
Boston,  for  Button-hole  and  Embioidery  Machine,  —  a 
Bronze  Medal. 

To  B.  D.  Whitney,  of  Winchendon,  for  Wood-Working 
Machines,  —  a  Silver  Medal. 

To  J.  Hall  &  Son,  of  Boston,  for  Top  Buggy,  —  a  Silver 
Medal. 

This  was  a  very  beautiful  carriage,  and  unlike  anj 
manufactured  in  Europe.  It  excited  much  interest. 

To  G.  W.  Chipman,  of  Boslon,  for  Carpet  Lining,  —  Honorable 
Mention. 

To  H.  O.  Houghton  &  Co.,  of  Cambridge,  for  Illustrated 
Books,  —  a  Bronze  Medal. 


SENATE— No.  333. 


69 


1868.] 

To  E.  D.  Brigham,  Treasurer  of  Boston  Portage  Lake  Smelt* 
ing  Works,  for  Ingots  and  Cakes  of  Copper,  —  a  Bronze 
Medal. 

To  J.  D.  Gould,  of  Boston,  for  specimen  of  Mica,  —  Honorable 
Mention. 

To  Smith  &  Wesson,  of  Springfield,  for  Fire-Arms  and  Metallic 
Cartridges,  —  a  Silver  Medal. 

To  Chester  Iron  Company,  of  Chester,  J.  B.  Taft,  Agent) 
for  Emery,  —  a  Silver  Medal. 

To  Dr.  C.  T.  Jackson,  of  Boston,  Co-operator  for  discovery  of 
Emery  in  the  United  States,  —  a  Silver  Medal. 

This  emery  was  fortunately  discovered  soon  after  the 
beginning  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  and  it  proved  of 
great  value  to  the  country.  All  the  United  States  arm¬ 
ories  and  arsenals  were  immediately  supplied  with  it, 
and  it  received  the  unqualified  approval  of  the  superin¬ 
tendents  of  ail  our  public  works.  The  quantity  is  inex¬ 
haustible,  and  as  the  Chester  mines  furnish  a  remarkably 
pure  article,  they  will  control  the  emery  trade  of  the 
whole  country. 

Dr.  Jackson  did  not  seek  for  the  award.  It  was  vol¬ 
untarily  conferred  by  a  French  jury  in  testimony  of  the 
high  importance  of  his  services  in  discovering  the  mines^ 
and  in  collecting,  arranging,  and  cataloguing  the  speci¬ 
mens,  and  for  rocks  and  minerals  and  diagrams  explain¬ 
ing  their  position,  and  for  his  analysis  of  the  same. 

To  H.  Bigelow,  of  Boston,  for  Rocks,  Ores,  and  Minerals  from 
V  Michigan,  — -  a  Silver  Medal. 


70 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


To  Douglas  Axe  Manufacturing  Company,  D.  D.  Dana 
Treasurer,  of  Boston,  for  Edge  Tools,  —  a  Silver  Medal. 

This  company  displayed  a  great  variety  of  goods, 
which  were  excelled  by  none  in  the  exhibition.  Com¬ 
missioners  of  other  nations  desired  to  purchase  specimens 
for  their  museums. 

To  J.  P.  Whitney,  of  Boston,  for  Silver  Ore  and  Minerals  from 
Colorado,  ■ —  a  Gold  Medal. 

The  collection  of  mineral  ores  from  Colorado,  exhibited 
by  J.  P.  Whitney,  of  Boston,  illustrative  of  the  great 
resources  of  one  of  our  Western  Territories,  received 
that;  marked  attention  due  to  the  distinguished  services 
of  the  exhibitor.  This  collection  of  ores  comprised  over 
three  thousand  specimens  of  gold  and  silver  ores,  besides 
those  of  lead,  copper,  coal,  lime,  fire  clay,  etc.,  some  of 
which  were  of  massive  proportions,  which  were  all  classi¬ 
fied  and  arranged  in  perfect  order.  (These  ores,  com¬ 
prising  in  the  aggregate  over  12,000  lbs.,  were  trans¬ 
ported  from  the  Rocky  Mountains  twenty-one  hundred 
miles  to  New  York,  whence  they  were  forwarded  to 
Paris.)  This  collection  was  illustrated  by  a  series  of 
maps  of  the  different  mining  districts  of  Colorado, 
obtained  by  Mr.  Whitney  from  actual  survey,  costing 
over  $10,000.  In  addition,  a  complete  series  of  photo¬ 
graphs,  showing  all  the  principal  mining  towns,  and  the 
principal  geographical  features  of  the  territory.  Mr. 
Whitney  exhibited  also  a  large  variety  of  gold  nuggets 
from  the  territory,  to  the  value  of  several  thousand 
dollars.  This  varied  and  complete  collection  was  still 
further  illustrated  by  the  gratuitous  distribution  of 


SENATE— No.  333. 


71 


1868.] 

15,000  pamphlets,  published  in  English,  French,  and 
German. 

These  pamphlets  were  published  in  a  most  elaborate 
manner,  each  comprising  over  sixty  pages  of  reading 
matter,  having  two  well-executed  lithographic  maps : 
one  of  the  United  States  and  territories,  showing  routes 
of  the  Pacific  and  other  railways ;  the  other,  of  the  terri¬ 
tory  of  Colorado,  showing  the  location  of  mining  towns, 
mineral  regions,  roads,  &c. 

These  pamphlets  contained  a  complete  schedule  of  all 
the  Colorado  ores  exhibited,  with  their  assays,  and 
information  concerning  the  veins  from  which  they  were 
taken,  besides  general  information,  comprising  a  brief 
history  of  the  territory,  an  account  of  the  sundry 
deposits  found  within  its  limits,  of  its  climate,  of  the 
altitude  of  its  towns  and  mountain  passes,  of  its  agricul¬ 
tural  resources,  and  a  review  of  the  mining  processes  in 
the  territory,  and  their  results,  the  whole  forming  a 
most  fitting  and  complete  statistical  representation  of 
the  territory  and  its  resources. 

Attention  was  still  further  drawn  to  this  exhibit  by 
the  distribution  among  twenty  of  the  principal  European 
museums  and  scientific  associations  by  Mr.  Whitney  of 
a  large  quantity  of  Colorado  minerals.  •  The  results  of 
this  exhibition  have  already  been  made  evident  by  the 
sending  of  an  imperial  commissioner.  Prof.  L.  Simonin, 
to  report  officially  upon  the  mineral  and  agricultural 
resources  of  Colorado.  This  gentleman  was  accom¬ 
panied  by  Colonel  W.  Heine,  an  agent  of  a  German 
emigrating  society,  and  by  Monsieur  E.  Guys,  investi¬ 
gating  agent  of  the  Credit  Foncier.  These  gentlemen 


72 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 

returned  to  Paris  in  October  last  with  favorable  reports 
of  tlie  region  visited,  which  reports  were  published  in 
the  principal  French  papers.  The  Tour  du  Monde  of 
April  last,  wdiich  is  publislied  in  weekly  editions,  and 
wliich  is  republished  in  four  other  languages,  devoted 
the  entire  space  of  four  numbers  to  Prof.  Simoniii’s 
tour,  illustrated  by  over  sixty  cuts,  which  presents  the 
most  complete  illustrated  description  of  any  one  of  our 
Western  Territories  ever  published.  In  addition,  Prof. 
Simonin  and  Colonel  Heine  have  both  delivered  series  of 
lectures  in  Europe  upon  Colorado  during  the  past  winter, 
wliicli  have  been  given  with  great  success.  These  are 
some  of  the  actual  results  already  realized  by  the  thor¬ 
oughly  representative  exhibition  at  the  Exposition  by 
Mr.  Whitney,  whose  patriotic  and  intelligent  efforts  are 
worthy  of  the  highest  praise. 

To  WiCKERSHAM  Nail  Company,  of  BostoD,  A.  G.  Wood 
Tieasurer,  for  Nail-Cutting  Machine,  —  a  Bronze  Medal, 

To  J.  D.  Brown,  of  Roxbury,  for  Enameled  Leather  made  by 
a  new  process,  —  Honorable  Mention. 

To  S.  G.  Howe,  of  Perkins  Institution  for  the  Blind,  Boston, 
for  Books  and  Apparatus  for  the  use  of  the  Blind,  —  a 
Silver  Medal. 

These  articles  were  examined  with  a  high  degree  of 
interest  for  their  novelty,  as  well  as  for  their  great 
utility  in  the  education  of  the  blind.  All  contributions 
tending  to  ameliorate  the  condition  of  the  unfortunate 
were  especially  noticed  by  the  Emperor. 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  838. 


73 


To  J.  L.  Hayes,  of  Boston,  Secretary  of  National  Association 
of  Wool  Manufacturers,'  for  twelve  and  a  half  series  of 
Woolen  Fabrics  from  the  “  Washington  Mills,”  —  a  Silver 
Medal. 


To  the  Washington  Mills,  of  Boston,  for  Shawls,  —  Hon¬ 
orable  Mention. 

This  company  made  a  very  fine  exhibition  of  shawls 
and  other  goods.  These  goods  were  of  excellent  quality 
and  beautiful  style,  and  quite  astonished  many  visitors, 
as  well  as  some  merchants  and  manufacturers,  who  were 
not  aware  that  any  such  goods  were  produced  in  the 
United  States.  The  Exhibition  of  1867  will  do  much  to 
enlighten  the  old  world  in  regard  to  the  manufactories 
and  the  varied  and  extensive  resources  of  the  United 
States.  As  there  were  so  few  specimens  of  these  goods 
from  this  country  in  the  Exhibition,  I  have  deemed  it 
not  out  of  place  to  give  a  full  list  of  those  exposed  by 
this  comjjany,  viz. : 


Shawls  —  Extra,  four,  .... 

Size,  inches. 

48X  48 

“  three,  .... 

54X  54 

“  two,  .... 

54X108 

one,  .... 

72X144 

“  six,  .... 

72X  72 

Queen  of  Scots,  six,  .  • 

72X144 

Super,  sixteen. 

72X144 

Saxony,  three,  .... 

72X144 

Skirts  —  McGregor,  (worsted  top,)  six. 

43X144 

Carriage  Rugs  —  two. 

74 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


3-4  Fancy  Shirting, 

Nevada  Plaids,  .... 

Italian  Cloth,  .  . 

American  Poplin,  22  in., 

6-4  Blue  Eskimo  Coating, 

All-Wool  Tricot,  .... 

Moscow  Beaver,  .... 

Diagonal  Coating,  .... 

6-4  All-Wool  Broad,  3-leaf, 

“  “  “  plain  weave. 

Union  Broad  Beaver,  .  -  . 

Jansen  Silk  Mixture, 

Blue  Black  and  White  Silk  Mixed  Zephyrs, 
Paris  Indigo  Blue  Coating, 

Blue  Extra  Washington  Coating, 

Bepellant  Cloaking,  .... 

Sackings,  . 

Mixed  Scotch  Tweed, 

34  Fancy  Cassimere,  .  ,  . 


[May, 

Weight  per  yd. 
.  3  lbs.  3  oz. 
.  3  “  3  “ 

.  2  “  8  “ 

.  1  “  7  “ 

.  28  “  9  “ 
.21  “  5  “ 

. 30  “  6  “ 

.  22  “  3  “ 

.  16  “  3  “ 

.  16  “ 

.  17  « 

.  13  “  2  “ 

.  10  «  7  “ 

.  15  « 

.  9  “  6  “ 

.  9  “  9  “ 

.  8  “ 

.  12  «  5  “ 

. 11  “  1  “ 


To  the  Spencer  Repeating  Rifle  Company,  of  Boston,  for 
Spencer  Rifles,  —  a  Silver  Medal. 


To  the  Florence  Sewing  Machine  Company,  of  Florence, 
for  Sewing  Machines,  —  a  Silver  Medal. 

The  attention  given  to  sewing  machines  by  judges 
and  jurors  plainly  evinced  their  high  estimate  of  the 
importance  and  value  of  these  articles. 

Among  the  things  which  arrived  too  late  to  compete 
for  awards  was 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  833. 


75 


The  American  Restaurant,  kept  by  Dows  &  Guild,  of 

BoStOD. 

Each  nation  was  invited  to  open  a  restaurant,  that 
should  represent,  as  far  as  possible,  its  own  nationality. 
With  the  exception  of  the  French,  I  think  this  was  more 
strictly  national  in  all  respects  than  any  other ;  its  cook¬ 
ing  range,  silver  ware,  and  most  of  its  furniture  being 
sent  from  the  United  States.  The  establishment  sup¬ 
plied  what  one  can  find  in  a  first-class  house  in  Massa¬ 
chusetts.  It  was  the  only  restaurant  with  parlors,  free 
reading  and  writing  rooms,  furnished  with  the  leading 
journals  of  the  day.  A  Chickering  piano  and  Mason  & 
Hamlin  organ  adorned  its  rooms.  It  was  furnished 
with  a  register,  which  proved  a  great  convenience,  and 
people  could,  by  consulting  it,  learn  the  residence  of 
newly-arrived  friends.  This  house  was  much  used  as  a 
rendezvous  for  Americans,  and  for  various  other  persons. 

American  Cream  Soda.  —  Dows,  Clark  &  Van 
Winkle,  of  Boston,  had  space  allowed  them  for  the 
manufacture  and  sale  of  soda  water  drawn  from  Dows’ 
Patent  Fountain,  although  they  arrived  too  late  to 
compete  for  an  award. 

Soda  like  theirs  was  unknown  in  France,  and  I  believe 
throughout  Europe,  till  these  gentlemen  introduced  it. 
It  was  an  American  specialty^  interesting  to  visitors  and 
amply  remunerative  to  the  proprietors.  It  was  popular 
with  the  mass  of  the  people,  and  even  kings  and 
emperors  often  partook  of  the  delicious  draught. 

Paper  Collars.  —  Galloupe,  Nichols,  &  Woodbury, 


76 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


of  Boston,  exhibited  and  worked  machinery  for  the 
manufacture  of  paper  collars.  This  company  arrived 
too  late  to  be  entitled  to  an  award.  Paper  collars  are 
but  little  known  abroad,  so  far  as  I  could  learn.  The 
novelty  and  utility  of  these  goods  excited  very  favorable 
notice. 

I  have  already  said  that  the  United  States,  in  the  per¬ 
centage  of  awards  to  exhibitors,  ranked  next  to  France, 
and  but  a  trifle  lower  in  the  scale,  the  French  nation 
standing  at  the  head.  Next  to  the  United  States  other 
prominent  countries  ranked  as  follows  :  Austria,  Prussia 
and  North  Germany,  Belgium,  Russia,  Switzerland, 
Great  Britain  and  colonies,  Italy,  Spain.  The  remain¬ 
ing  twenty-five  countries  fell  far  below  the  foregoing. 

It  should  be  understood  tliat  the  advantages  to  our 
contributors  were  not  depending  solely  on  the  awards. 
In  no  case  was  any  contributor  witliin  my  knowledge 
obliged,  for  want  of  a  purchaser,  to  re-ship  his  goods. 
All  the  articles  on  exhibition  that  were  meant  for  sale, 
had  their  prices  marked  upon  them,  although  they  could 
not  be  removed  until  the  Exposition  closed.  They  were 
then  disposed  of,  and  generally  at  remunerative  prices, 
to  contributors  and  visitors  from  other  lands  ;  and  ave¬ 
nues  of  trade  were  opened  that  were  unknown  before, 
but  will  become  extensive  as  the  world.  Our  contrib¬ 
utors  gained  also  valuable  knowledge  from  the  almost 
innumerable  works  of  genius  and  of  skill  presented  to 
their  view.  New  ideas  were  obtained,  which,  in  the 
Yankee’s  fertile  mind,  will  grow  into  a  harvest  yielding 
fruit  a  hundred-fold. 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  333. 


7-7 


A  single  proposition  made  by  commissioners  to  the 
Exposition,  if  it  shall  be  successfully  carried  out,  will 
compensate  for  a  very  great  amount  of  labor  and  expense 
on  the  part  of  contributors.  I  allude  to  the  attempt  to 
estal)lish  a  uniform  standard  of  coins,  weights,  and 
measures.  The  coinage,  weights,  and  measures  of  dif- 
feient  nations  do  not  correspond,  and  inconvenience  and 
vexation  aie  the  result.  This  fact  w’as  made  clearly 
obvious  at  the  Exposition,  and  commissioners  from 
various  countries  all  agreed  that  a  uniform  system 
should  prevail.  The  French  standard  is  generally  sat¬ 
isfactory.  A  few  other  countries  have  already  adopted 
it. 

It  is  of  very  great  importance,  as  will  readily  be  per¬ 
ceived,  that  the  currencies  of  every  nation,  and  the 
weights  and  measures  of  all,  should  have  an  equal  value. 
In  the  language  of  Professor  Hager :  “  AW  men  engaged 
in  commercial  pursuits  will  be  benefited.  None  but 
brokers  will  suffer  by  the  change.  Apotliecaries,  grocers 
and  goldsmiths  will  use  the  same  standard  weights ;  the 
milkman  and  the  merchant  will  have  the  same  sized 
vessels ;  the  surveyor,  the  merchant,  the  astronomer,  and 
the  mechanic,  will  use  alike  the  same  standard  for 
measure  ;  and  the  old  tables  of  troy,  apothecaries,  and 
avoi'dupois  weight,  milk  and  wine  measure,  and  the 
perplexing  tables  of  long,  square,  and  cubic  measure, 
that  lumbered  up  the  arithmetics  of  our  school-boy  days, 
and  have  bothered  the  man  of  business  in  making  his 
computations,  will  all  be  cast  aside  to  give  place  to  the 
more  simple  and  sensible  system  based  on  decimal 
ratio.” 


78  PARIS  EXI’OSITION.  [May, 

The  Congress  of  the  United  States  the  last  year  made 
a  law  permitting  the  proposed  standard,  so  tar  as  it 
relates  to  woiglits  and  measures,  to  be  adopted  in  this 

country.  i  + 

I  must  not  forget  to  mention  the  religious  element 

and  influence  connected  with  the  Exposition.  Two 
temporary  houses  for  religious  worship  were  erected 
with  esnecial  reference  to  their  influence  upon  the 
Exposition:  namely,  the  Anglo-American  (Episcopal,) 
iust  outside,  and  the  Evangelical  Hall  (Union,)  just 
within  the  exhibition  grounds.  In  the  latter,  services 
in  various  languages  were  conducted  nearly  every  day 
during  the  continuance  of  the  Exposition.  Bibles  and 
tracts^were  freely  distributed  from  buildings  used  Tor 
religious  purposes  near  the  Hall.  From  the  Bible 
stand,  more  than  two  millions  of  separate  gospels  and 
other  portions  of  the  Bible,  in  seventeen  different  lan¬ 
guages—  English,  French,  Italian,  Spanish,  Portuguese, 
German,  Swedish,  Greek,  Turkish,  Hungarian,  Chinese, 
Arabic,  &c.,  were  given  away  to  all  classes  of  people. 

The  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society,  from  its  stand 
near  by,  sold  and  gave  away  about  one  hundred  and 
thirty  thousand  Bibles  and  Testaments;  and  from 
another  stand  more  than  two  millions  of  tracts,  m 
twenty-two  languages  were  in  like  manner  disposed  ot, 
many  of  which  were  furnished  by  the  American  Tract 

Society. 

Another  building  near,  was  the  Mission  House,  m 
wliicli  different  Protestant  missionary  organizations  ex¬ 
hibited  the  evidences  of  their  success  in  various  portions 
of  the  heathen  world.  Of  these  organizations  —  Engiisii, 


SENATE— No.  333. 


79 


1868.] 


French,  German,  Swiss,  &c.  —  none  gave  so  interesting 
and  significant  an  exhibition,  as  the  American  Board  of 
Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions.  First,  it  showed 
the  largest  number  of  books,  and  seme  eight  hundred 
volumes  of  pamphlets,  in  twenty-five  languages,  trans¬ 
lated  and  used  by  its  missionaries  in  heathen  climes. 
Second,  it  showed  the  evidences  of  a  people  actually 
converted  from  a  belief  in  idols  to  the  worship  of  the 
living  God.  The  conversion  of  the  Sandwich  Islanders 
was  represented  to  the  eye  by  the  contents  of  two  glass 
show-cases ;  the  one  filled  wHh  wooden  idols,  and 
marked  1816  ;  the  other  containing  open  school-books, 
newspapers,  etc.,  arranged  around  an  open  Bible,  and 
marked  1866.  Third,  conspicuously  displayed  in  tables, 
was  the  statistical  evidence  of  money  expended  by  the 
Board  during  the  last  year ;  a  greater  amount  for  for¬ 
eign  missions,  even,  than  by  the  London  Society,  which 
is  usually  in  advance  of  all  others  in  this  matter. 

The  sole  charge  of  this  department  for  the  American 
Board  was  in  the  hands  of  Dr.  Eldridge,  minister  of  the 
American  Protestant  Church  in  Paris. 

The  American  Bible  Society,  the  Boston  Tract 
Society,  and  the  New  t^ork  Tract  Society,  were  all  well 
represented  in  the  Exposition. 

The  Exhibition  was  open  on  Sundays,  with  the  ma¬ 
chinery  running  in  the  same,  with  the  exception  of  the 
English  department,  which  was  for  the  most  part 
stopped  and  the  goods  in  that  department  covered  on 
Sundays  ;  and  so  far  as  the  goods  were  concerned,  this 
was  the  fact  in  the  American  department.  The,  follow¬ 
ing  petition  was  numerously  signed  and  presented  to 


80 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


tlio  United  States  Commission,  in  regard  to  the  proper 
observance  of  the  Sabbath.  I  present  it  in  tliis  Report 
because  I  approved  it  at  the  time,  and  believed  it  in 
Ivceping  with  the  spirit  and  genius  of  our  people  and 
State. 

To  the  United  States  Commissioners  at  the  Universal  Exposition 
of  1867  at  Paris. 

Gentlemen:  —  The  unclersigoed,  on  behalf  of  himself  and  a 
larges  number  of  our  countrymen  at  home  and  in  Paris,  begs 
respectfully  to  call  attention  to  the  great  and  disparaging  con¬ 
trast  which  is  now  presented  on  the  Sabbath  day  between  tho 
English  and  American  department  of  the  Universal  Exposition, 
especially  in  groups  two  and  six;  and  to  request  that  you  will 
take  such  action  as  will  relieve  our  country  and  people  from  the 
derogatory  comparison  and  remarks  to  which  they  are  now  sub¬ 
jected  in  consequence  of  this  unfavorable  contrast  and  the  mani¬ 
fest  non-conformity  to  the  cherished  institutions  and  usages  of 
our  people  at  home.  It  is  probably  not  known  to  many  of  your 
number  that,  while  in  the  English  machinery  department  (Group 
Six.)  the  steam  power  is  wholly  shut  off,  the  machinery  entirely 
quiet,  and  nearly  everything  in  that  section  (and  much  of  that, 
also,  in  other  sections,)  carefully  covered  up,  in  the  United 
States  department  (Group  Six,  the  steam-power,  which  for  a 
season  was  shut  off,  and  the  shafting  and  machinery  quiet  on  the 
Sabbath  as  in  the  adjoining  English  department,  is  now  put  on 
again,  and  the  shafting  all  running,  and  much  of  the  machinery 
in  motion.  A  great  falling  off  in  the  Sabbath  observance  is  also 
manifested,  and  in  some  other  sections  of  our  department  of  the 
Exposition,  especially  in  Group  Two,  where  the  musical  per¬ 
formances  and  consequent  large  gatherings  of  people,  present  a 
striking  contrast  with  the  corresponding  section  in  the  English 
department. 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  333. 


81 


Various  reasons  have  been  assigned  for  this  revived  Sunday 
runn>Dg  of  the  machinery  in  our  United  States  department,  some 
asserting  that  the  United  States  Commissioners  desire  it,  and 
others  that  the  Imperial  Commission  demand  it. 

Ooe  of  the  Imperial  Commissioners,  in  reply  to  specific  ques¬ 
tions,  submitted  with  the  request  that  the  matter  might  be 
brought  before  the  Commission.  They  (the  Imperial  Commis¬ 
sioners)  say  to  me  that  the  exhibitors  remain  perfectly  free  to 
use  or  not  to  use  the  steam  furnished  by  the  “  Imperial  Com¬ 
mission,”  and  in  regard  to  closing  the  “  annexes  ”  (or  outside 
buildings)  he  writes:  “The  Imperial  Commissioners  requiie 
(exige)  that  the  annexes  should  be  open  {soil  ouverie'),  but  this 
is  not  absolutely  insisted  upon  {absolument  i igoureux) 

The  tacit  assent  of  the  Imperial  Commissioners  to  the  long- 
continued  acrion  of  the  British  Commissioners,  in  shutting  off'  all 
steam-power  and  stopping  all  machinery,  and  the  general  locking 
or  covering  up  of  their  machinery,  and  many  other  of  their 
exhibitions  on  Sundays,  seems  to  prove  conclusively  that  no 
opposition  to  a  proper  observance  of  the  Sabbath  day  will  be 
offered  by  them  (the  Imperial  Commissioners).  Hence  it  fol¬ 
lows  that  the  power  and  responsibility  in  this  matter  rest  wholly 
with  the  United  States  Commissioners,  and  that  the  relief  now 
sought  for  depends  upon  their  voluntary  action. 

The  exhibitors,  so  far  as  known,  are  found  to  be  generally  in 
favor  of  the  Sabbath  observance,  so  far  at  least  as  the  matter  is 
presented  in  this  memorial. 

Some  “  would  not  wish  to  exhibit  their  machinery  if  their 
neighbors  did  not ;  ”  many  “  would  be  glad  if  the  steam  were 
shut  off,  for  the  reason  that  while  tlie  shafting  is  running  they 
must  remain  to  protect  their  machinery,  which  might  be  set  in 
motion  by  others,  and  thus  subjected  to  much  damage.”  None, 
so  far  as  the  undersigned  is  informed,  have  any  particular  desire 
that  the  steam-power  should  be  put  on,  on  Sundays. 


82 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


The  undersigued  has  received  from  your  President  a  copy  of 
the  minutes  adopted  by  your  commission  in  April  last,  in 
response  to  an  essentially  different  memorial  of  Messrs.  Embree, 
Paxton,  and  others  of  New  York  ;  but  as  the  application  then 
made  was  different,  and  as  theie  appears  to  have  been  some 
misapprehension  in  regard  to  the  requirements  of  the  Imperial 
Commission,  it  is  trusted  that  your  then  action  did  not  finally 
dispose  of  the  subject. 

The  fact  stated  in  your  former  minutes  that  the  “  Imperial 
Commissioners  have  made  permanent  arrangements  for  the  run¬ 
ning  of  the  shafting  for  a  certain  number  of  days,  Sundays 
included,”  while  it  may  perhaps  require  the  United  States  Com¬ 
missioners  to  pay  for  that  service,  cannot  surely  compel  them  to 
use  that  steam-power  when  not  wanted,  or  if  to  use  it  makes  it 
necessary  for  many  of  the  exhibitors  to  lemain  on  the  premises 
^n  the  Sabbath,  contrary  to  their  inclinations  and  principles,  to 
protect  the  machinery  under  their  care  from  damage. 

The  second  position  assumed  in  your  former  minutes,  “that 
the  Imperial  Commissioners  could  not  in  good  faith  allow  any  of 
the  passages  running  through  the  American  quarter  to  be 
closed,”  is  granted,  and  has  never  been  questioned  by  the 
undersigned. 

In  regard  to  your  third  conclusion  in  the  minutes  referred  to. 
While  the  undersigned  and  his  associates  do  not  ask  or  expect 
the  United  States  Commissioners  to  take  any  action  or  express 
any  opinion  in  reference  to  the  moral  convictions  or  national 
habits  and  usages  of  “  the  exhibitors  in  other  departments,” 
they  would  much  regret  if  any  moral  or  other  influence  sliould 
be  so  exercised  as  to  cause  our  exhibitors  to  yield  an  unwilling 
or  even  an  apparent  compliance  with,  or  acquiesence  in,  the 
Sunday  labor  or  Sunday  amusement  predilections  and  usages  of 
the  exhibitors  in  any  other  departments.  The  continued  use  of 
steam  and  running  of  shafting  in  the  United  States  department 


1868.]  SENATE— No.  333.  83 

does  seem  calculated  to  produce  such  results,  inasmuch  as  it 
compels  several  exhibitors  to  remain  at  the  Exposition  on  the 
Sabbath  to  protect  the  machinery  under  their  care  ;  it  also  seems 
to  convey  to  the  people  of  other  nations  an  erroneous  impression 
of  the  moral  principles  and  general  habits  and  usages  of  our 
people  at  home. 

For  the  foregoing  reasons  and  others  which  could  be  sug¬ 
gested,  and  encouraged  by  the  declaration  in  your  former 
minutes  that  you  “  fully  sympathize  in  their  desire  to  keep  holy 
the  Sabbath  day,”  the  undersigned  respectfully  but  earnestly 
desire  and  request  that  the  United  States  Commissioners  will 
consent  to  the  discountenance  hereafter,  of  the  use  of  steam- 
power  and  the  running  of  machinery  in  the  United  States 
department  of  the  Exposition  on  Sundays ;  and  that  they  will 
be  pleased  to  adopt  such  other  practicable  means  as  may  be  best 
calculated  to  preserve  the  character  and  reputation  which  our 
country  has  heretofore  sustained  for  its  consistent  observance  of 
the  Christian  Sabbath,  and  to  present  a  more  favorable  com¬ 
parison  with  the  present  usages  of  our  neighbors  in  the  English 
department. 

All  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

Geo.  D.  Phelps,  of  New  York. 

Paris,  June  22,  18G7. 

The  undersigned,  without  being  personally  cognizant  of  all 
the  facts  stated  in  the  foregoing  memorial,  cordially  unite  in  the 
desires  and  requests  presented,  that  all  practical  means  may  be 
adopted  by  the  United  States  Commissioners  to  promote  the 
better  observance  of  the  Christian  Sabbath  at  the  Universal 
Exposition  in  the  United  States  department. 

A.  Eldridge,  Pastor  of  the  American  Chapel ;  Chs.  S.  P. 
Bowles,  L.  Drevet,  Henry  Woods,  J.  H.  Rhoder,  L.  F.  Mellen, 
D.  D.  Colton,  Wm.  S.  Thompson,  Chas.  W.  May,  John  Sher- 


84 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


man,  Wm.  O.  Lamson,  Rector  Am.  Episcopal  Church,  Sanil.  F 

B.  ISIorsc,  Geo.  T.  Richards,  W.  G.  T.  Shedd,  11.  Walcott 
Robbins,  Jr.,  Norton  &  Co.,  H.  A.  Chapin,  Juo.  W.  Forney 
John  Lamsou,  Edward  Matthews,  Jno.  Munrce,  Edward  R. 
Andrews,  Silas  C.  Herring,  John  A.  Kasson,  Henry  B.  Rogers, 
Jr.,  Geo.  S.  Partridge,  Jr.,  Thos.  Balch,  A.  A.  Low,  Theo.  S. 
Evans,  Lewis  M.  Brown,  Jas.  W.  Tucker,  Chas.  J.  Martin,  J. 

C.  Kane,  Benj.  Curtis,  John  P.  Reynolds,  Geo.  F.  Corlies,  A. 

D.  Hager,  L.  T.  Merritt,  of  Fairbanks  &  Co.,  Freak.  Marquared, 
of  New  A'ork,  Arnos  Kendall,  John  David  Wolfe,  David  Law¬ 
rence,  E.  S.  Wheeler,  Jr.,  David  Yf .  Bishop,  L.  J.  White,  J.  B. 
Thomas,  George  Merrill,  Joan  Emerson,  Marshall  P.  Wilder, 
Curtis  Noble,  Chas.  Sherbette,  W.  M.  Goodrich,  D.  Stuart 
Dodge, '  R.  N.  Havens,  D.  L.  Moody,  J.  M.  Usher,  Jesso 
Bucknara,  John  E.  Tyler,  J.  Arthur  Beebe. 

To  our  distinguished  fellow-citizen  General  Banks, 
more  than  to  any  other  individual,  the  country  is 
indebted  for  whatever  of  credit  and  renown  has  come 
to  us  from  the  great  enterprise  ;  for  it  was  mainly 
through  his  persistent  efforts  in  the  national  House  of 
Representatives,  that  Congress  was  induced,  by  resolu¬ 
tions  and  an  appropriation,  to  encourage  it.  I  deem  it 
just  and  proper  to  make  this  reference  to  his  successful 
labors. 

I  must  not  conclude  witliout  reference  to  the  indefati¬ 
gable  and  efficient  labors  of  L.  F.  Alellcn,  Esq.,  of  Ohio, 
a  Massachusetts  man  by  birth,  and  Secretary  of  the 
American  Commission.  I  desire  to  acknowledge  my  obli¬ 
gations  to  him  for  bis  uniform  courtesy  and  invaluable 
aid. 

In  conclusion.  The  Exposition,  judged  by  results 


SENATE— No.  333. 


85 


1868.] 


already  known,  lias  fully  justified  the  enterprise. 
Judged,  in  its  widest  sense,  by  the  fruitage  that  must 
follow  to  mankind,  our  country  and  the  States  may  well 
congratulate  each  other  and  themselves  that  from  so 
grand  an  enterprise  they  did  not  stand  aloof. 

JAMES  M.  USHER, 
Principal  Agent  for  Massachusetts. 


86 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


APPENDIX. 


CATALOGUE  OF  AWARDS 

TO  THE 

AT  THE 

EXPOSITION  UNIVERSELLE,  PARIS. 


Cross  of  Chevalier  of  the  Legion  of  Honor. 

1.  Chickeiing  &  Sons,  Boston. 

New  Order  of  Recompenses. 

For  persons,  establishments,  or  localities,  which,  by  organizations 
or  special  institutions,  have  developed  harmony  among  co-op¬ 
erators,  and  produced,  in  an  eminent  degree,  the  material, 
moral,  and  intellectual  well  being  of  the  workman. 

2.  Chapin,  William  C.,  Agent  of  the  Pacific  Mills,  Lawrence, 
Grand  Prize,  a  Gold  Medal  of  the  value  of  1,000  francs,  and 
9,000  francs  in  gold. 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  883. 


87 


Gold  Medals. 

3.  Chickering  &  Son,  Boston.  Pianos.  To  this  gold  medal 
was  added  by  the  Emperor  the  Cross  of  Chevalier  of  the  Legion 
of  Honor.  See  No.  1. 

4.  Whitney,  J.  P.,  Boston.  Silver  Ores  from  Colorado. 

Silver  Medals- 

5.  Baker,  W.,  &  Co.,  Dorchester.  Chocolates. 

6.  Bigelow,  H.,  Boston.  Copper  and  Minerals  from  Lake 
Superior. 

7.  Bond,  William,  &  Son,  Boston.  Astronomical  Clock  and 
Chronograph. 

8.  Jackson,  Dr.  Charles  T.,  Boston.  Co-operator  for  Dis¬ 
covery  of  Emery  in  the  United  States. 

9.  Florence  Sewing  Machine  Company,  Florence.  Sewing 
Machines. 

10.  Crompton,  G.,  Worcester.  Loom  for  Cloths. 

11.  Douglas  Axe  Manufacturing  Company,  Boston.  Edge 
Tools. 

12.  Hall,  J.,  &  Son,  Boston.  Buggy. 

13.  Howe,  Dr.  S.  G.,  Boston.  Works  for  the  Blind. 

14.  Mason  &  Hamlin,  Boston.  Cabinet  Organs. 

15.  Partridge  Fork  Works,  Leominster.  Steel  Hay  Eorks, 
Rakes,  ^c.  See  28. 

16.  Smith  &  Wesson,  Springfield.  Fire-Arms  and  Cartridges. 

17.  Spencer  Repeating  Rifle  Company,  Boston.  Spencer 
Rifles. 

18.  Taft,  J.  B.,  Cliester.  Emery. 

19.  Tucker,  H.  &  Co.,  Boston.  Iron  Ornaments,  imitation 
of  Bronze. 

20.  Washington  Mills,  Boston.  Woolen  Fabrics.  See  also 
45  Honorable  Mention. 


88 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


[May, 


21.  Webster  Woolen  Mills,  Webster.  Woolen  Fabrics. 

22.  AVhitney,  B.  D.,  Wincbendon.  Wood-  Working  Machines. 

23.  Yaie  and  Winn  Manufacturing  Company,  Shelburne 
Falls.  Yale  Locks. 


Bronze  Medals. 

24.  Babcock,  J.  F.,  Boston.  Rosin  Oil. 

25.  Brigham,  E.  D.,  Treasurer  Portage  Lake  Smelting 
Works,  Boston.  Lake  Superior  Copper. 

26.  Hadley  Company,  Holyoke.  Sewing  Cotton. 

27.  Harris,  D.  L.,  Springfield.  Engine  Lathe. 

28.  Houghton,  H.  O.,  &  Co.,  Cambridge.  Books. 

29.  Meniara,  G.  &  C.,  Springfield.  Webster  s  Illustrated 
Dictionary. 

30.  Partridge  Fork  Works,  Leominster.  Agricultural  Hand 
Tools.  See,  also,  13. 

31.  Pratt  &  Wentworth,  Boston.  Peerless  Cooking  Stove. 

32.  Shaw,  Pliilander,  Boston.  Hot-Air  Engine. 

33.  Slater,  S.,  &  Son,  Webster.  Cotton  Fabrics. 

34.  Southern  Cotton  Gin  Company,  Bridgewater.  Cotton 
Gins. 

35.  Union  Button-Hole  and  Embroidery  Co.,  Boston.  But¬ 
ton-Hole  Machine. 

36.  Wickersham  Nail  Company,  Boston.  Nail- Cutting 
Machine. 

Honorable  Mentions. 

37.  American  Steam  Gauge  Company,  Boston.  Steam 
Gauges. 

38.  Bacon,  S.  T.,  Boston  Cracker  Machinery. 

39.  Bray  &  Hayes,  Boston.  Preserved  Lobsters. 


1868.] 


SENATE— No.  833. 


89 


40.  Brou  n,  D.  J.,  Roxbury.  Enarheled  Leather. 

41.  Chipman,  G.  IV.,  &  Co.,  Boston.  Carpet  Lininej. 

42.  DwigJit,  G.,  Jr.,  &  Co.,  Springfield.  Steam  Pump. 

43.  Eclsou,  W.,  Boston.  Htjgrodeik. 

44.  Gould,  J.  D.,  Boston.  Mica. 

45.  Paul,  J.  F.,  &  Co  ,  Boston.  Specimens  of  Wood. 

46.  Tilden,  Howard,  Boston.  Sifter,  Tobacco  Cutter^  and 
Epg  Beater. 

47.  Washington  Mills,  Boston.  Shawls.  See,  also,  18. 


90 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


THE  OFFICIAL 

DISTRIBUTION  OF  THE  PRIZES, 

AT  MUSIC  HALL,  BOSTON, 

TUESDAY  EVEM.YG,  JUNE  18th. 


The  medals  and  diplomas  awarded  to  the  Massachu¬ 
setts  contributors  to  the  Universal  Exposition  having 
been  officially  received  by  Mr.  Usher,  a  desire  was 
expressed  by  many  citizens  that  the  public  should  be 
afforded  an  opportunity  of  seeing  these  tributes  to  the 
enterprise,  skill,  and  intelligence  of  our  citizens.  They 
were  therefore  placed  upon  exhibition  for  a  few  days  at 
the  store  of  A.  A.  Childs  &  Co.,  127  Tremont  Street, 
where  they  were  visited  by  many  persons. 

.  The  results  of  the  Exposition  were  of  such  general 
interest  to  the  community  it  was  decided  tliat  the 
formal  presentation  should  be  public  ;  and  believing 
that  a  description  of  this  closing  act  in  the  drama,  so  far 
as  our  citizens  were  concerned,  will  be  of  interest  to  the 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


91 


public,  I  here  insert  an  account  of  the  meeting,  copied 
from  the  Boston  Daily  Advertiser ^  of  June  19. 

[From  the  Boston  Daily  Advertiser.] 

All  immense  meeting  was  held  on  Thursday  evening, 
June  18,  in  Music  Hall,  for  the  purpose  of  doing  honor 
to  the  Massachusetts  recipients  of  prizes  at  tlie  Paris 
Exposition,  and  publicly  delivering  to  them  the  medals 
won  by  their  superiority.  Just  in  front  of  the  organ 
there  was  a  handsome  design  in  bunting  intermingling 
the  French  and  American  flags,  and  on  the  face  of  the 
bunting  was  the  inscription,  ‘‘  Merit  and  Reward,” 
inclosed  in  a  wreath.  The  crown  of  the  design  was  the 
American  eagle  with  the  branch  of  peace  in  his  talons 
flanked  by  American  flags  and  surmounted  by  a  tricolor. 
At  the  base  of  the  design  was  a  French  flag  with  the 
coat  of  arms  in  gilt.  Along  a  part  of  the  front  of  the 
lower  galleries,  the  diplomas  in  frames  were  ranced,  and 
the  medals  were  laid  on  a  little  table  covered  with  the 
American  colors  and  placed  on  the  platform.  The 
audience  included  a  very  large  number  of  ladies.  The 
employees  of  Chickering  &  Sons,  numbering  345,  with 
a  brass  band  composed  of  their  associates,  attended  in  a 
body,  bearing  their  handsome  banners. 

As  a  prelude  to  the  ceremonies,  several  airs  were  per¬ 
formed  on  the  organ,  and  Gilmore’s  Band,  whicli  had  gen¬ 
erously  volunteered  for  the  occasio '-.played  a  few  pieces. 

Mr.  J.  M.  Usher  then  came  forward  and  spoke  as 
follows :  — 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen  :  —  On  the  first  day  of  July,  in  the 
city  of  Paris,  twenty  thousand  persons  assembled  in  the  Palace 


92 


PAllJS  EXPOSITION. 


of  Indastry,  when  the  Emperor  appeared  and  officially  an¬ 
nounced  the  names  of  those  who  were  crowned  with  the  Legion 
of  Honor,  w’ ho  bad  earned  hy  their  efforts  gold  medals.  We  are 
here  this  evening,  not  in  numbers  twenty  thousand,  but  we  are 
here,  a  large  and  intelligent  audience,  to  manifest  our  interest  in 
the  great  industiial  arts,  the  representatives  of  which  are  here, 
and  who  acted  in  the  Paris  Exposition  on  the  stage.  They  are 
hero  with  the  results,  these  medals,  these  diplomas,  on  the  right 
hand  and  on  the  left. 

It  is  not  my  purpose  to  occupy  much  time  this  evening,  but 
simply  to  introduce  the  services ;  and  with  these  brief  remarks 
to  the  audience,  I  shall  address  myself  more  especially  to  the 
power  which  conferred  upon  me  the  privilege  of  representing  the 
interests  of  the  State  of  Massachusetts  in  the  Paris  Exnosition. 

4.- 

May  it  please  your  Excellency: — On  tliis  occasion,  at  this 
concluding  ceremony  on  the  part  of  Massachusetts  and  a  portion 
of  its  citizens,  relating  to  the  Great  Industrial  Exposition  of 
1867,  I  deem  it  my  duty,  as  it  certainly  is  ray  pleasure,  to  refer 
bi  iefly  to  the  efforts  made  and  the  results  obtained  by  contrib¬ 
utors  from  the  Old  Bay  State  to  the  grandest  enterprise  of  its 
kind  the  w'orld  has  ever  seen.  It  wms  an  enterprise  to  which 
the  State  contributed  generous  aid,  and  w’hich  was  regarded  by 
your  Excellency,  from  its  inception  to  its  close,  with  watchful 
interest  and  care. 

In  an  event  of  so  great  importance  and  of  so  rare  occurrence, 
obstacles  of  various  kinds  prevented  that  unqualified  success 
which  in  future  exhibitions  may  reasonably  he  expected ;  but 
ihese  obstacles  were  so  far  overcome  by  the  untiring  zeal  and 
perseverance  of  mo.st  of  those  having  charge  of  the  enterprise, 
and  by  many  of  the  contributors  of  goods,  that  the  report  of  the 
State  Agent,  which  I  have  bad  the  honor  to  present  to  yon,  is  in 
no  sense,  it  is  believed,  dif creditable  to  our  Commonwealth. 

It  is  even  marvelous  that  the  United  States,  or  any  portion 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


93 


of  them,  just  emerging  from  a  long  and  unusually  exciting  and 
distressing  war,  should  have  found  time  and  opportunity  to 
make  that  preparation  for  the  Exposition  which  has  resulted  in 
so  much  advantage  to  contributors,  so  much  honor  to  our  State 
and  country,  and  so  much  prospective  and  substantial  good  to 
the  human  race. 

The  time  for  preparation  was  short,  the  distance  to  be  trav¬ 
eled  great,  and  the  expenses  attending  the  affair  of  much 
account ;  yet  our  people  were  not  deterred  from  entering  the 
great  world’s  strife  for  victories  that  shall  promote  the  civilization 
and  the  religion  of  all  the  countries  of  the  earth. 

It  may  not  be  amiss  to  say  that  about  one  hundred  and  fifty 
acres  of  ground  in  the  city  of  Paris  were  devoted  to  the  objects 
of  the  Exposition.  The  main  building  enclosed  nearly  forty 
acres,  and  contained  contributions  from  more  than  60,000  per¬ 
sons,  the  weight  of  the  articles  presented  being  more  than  30,000 
tons.. 

The  jury  consisted  of  600  members,  and  they  awarded  at 
the  first  declaration  —  a  second  being  subsequently  made  —  64 
grand  prizes,  883  gold  medals,  3,653  silver  medals,  6,565 
bronze  medals,  and  5,801  honorable  mentions. 

In  the  percentage  of  awards,  the  United  States  stood  next  to 
France.  The  first  Grand  Prize  for  the  Transatlantic  Telegraph 
was  awarded  to  Cyrus  W.  Field,  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  ; 
and  a  Grand  Prize  to  David  Hughes,  also  a  citizen  of  the 
United  States,  for  the  Printing  Telegraph. 

In  articles  of  common  and  important  use,  viz.,  reapers,  mowers, 
sewing  machines,  etc.,  our  country  distanced  all  competitors  ; 
and  Massachusetts,  in  her  various  contribution.s,  ranked  superior 
in  honors  and  awards  to  the  most  favored  State. 

I  desire  on  this  occasion  to  express  my  admiration  of  the 
wisdom  of  the  Emperor  of  France,  as  shown  in  his  grand  con¬ 
ception  and  ideas  of  the  Exposition,  and  my  high  appreciation  of 


94 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


the  uutiring  and  efficient  labors  of  the  Imperial  Commissioner  in 
carrying  forward  to  enlarged  success  the  Emperor’s  design. 

That  the  Paris  Exposition  will  afford  a  new  stimulus  to 
national  harmony  and  individual  and  national  progress,  I  cannot 
doubt ;  and  I  conclude  my  remarks  in  the  following  appropriate 
language  of  the  Emperor:  — 

“  The  Exposition  of  1867  will,  I  hope,  mark  a  new  era  of 
harmony  and  progress.  Assured  that  Pi  evidence  blesses  the 
efforts  of  those  who,  like  ourselves,  aim  at  doing  good,  I  believe 
in  the  final  triumph  of  those  great  principles  of  morality  and 
justice,  which,  in  satisfying  all  legitimate  aspirations,  can  alone 
consolidate  thrones,  exalt  nations,  and  ennoble  humanity.” 

I  now  most  respectfully  give  in  charge  to  your  Excellency 
these  medals  and  diplomas,  that  they  may  be  by  you  presented 
to  the  successful  competitors  for  honors  and  awards  in  the  great 
“  Peace  Society''  of  1867. 

His  Excellency  Governor  Bullock  having  been  pre¬ 
sented  by  Mr.  Usher,  made  the  following  address:  — 

Gentlemen  :  —  The  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts  bore  a 
part  in  the  recent  exhibition  at  Paris  of  the  industries  and  arts. 
From  its  treasury  a  liberal  appropriation  was  made  to  facilitate 
the  co-operation  of  its  citizens  in  this  attempt  to  illustrate  the 
progress  and  triumph  of  the  later  civilization ;  officers  were 
appointed  who  should  represent  the  State  ;  and  many  of  our 
products  of  skill  and  genius  were  forwarded  to  the  field  of  the 
world’s  competition.  The  elaborate  report  of  the  principal 
agent,  Mr.  Usher,  has  already  been  published,  and  I  hope  in 
due  time  to  be  enabled  to  present  to  the  public  the  report  of  the 
State  Commissioner,  Professor  Rogers,  touching  the  relations  of 
the  great  Exposition  with  the  practical  arts  and  sciences  upon 
which  the  welfare  of  the  race  so  distinctly  rests.  It  seems 
fitting  that  now,  after  this  tournament  of  the  knights  of  labor  has 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


95 


ended,  our  share  in  the  trophies  should  in  some  public  and  official 
manner  be  recognized,  in  just  tribute  to  those  who  have  won 
them,  and  in  the  interest  of  the  whole  people. 

It  is  not  needed  that  I  should  wander  from  my  purpose  of 
performing  simply  an  executive  duty,  and  indulge  in  any  remarks 
upon  the  growth  and  strength  of  States,  in  our  time  displayed  by 
the  development  of  practical  and  ornamental  mechanism.  The 
proofs  of  amazing  progress  in  this  direction  have  of  late  years 
culminated  in  exhibitions  to  which  all  nations  have  been  parties 
with  an  affluence  of  contributions  that  has  made  palpable  and 
conspicuous  the  character  of  the  era  in  which  it  is  our  fortune  to 
live.  Upon  these  occasions  at  London,  at  Paris,  and  at  New 
York,  the  advancement  of  the  peoples  of  the  globe  has,  within 
the  period  of  twenty  years,  been  repeatedly  presented  for  obser¬ 
vation  and  history,  in  a  manner  representing  these  industrial 
tendencies,  especially  of  the  three  leading  nations,  and  measur¬ 
ably  of  all  the  others.  In  times  past,  the  prowess  of  all  of  them 
was  most  strikingly  manifested  when  they  met  on  the  fields  of 
war  and  in  the  shock  of  arms.  And  although  we  have  not  yet 
attained  that  assured  moral  status  which  makes  war  impossible 
and  peace  universal,  yet  the  generation  now  living  is  witnessing 
the  approximation  to  such  an  attainment.  Industry  is  peace ; 
peace  is  progress,  and  progress  is  humanity.  The  most  effective 
peace  societies  are  the  societies  of  agriculture,  mechanical  and 
msthetic  art.  The  mowing  machine  is  a  more  beneficent  con. 
queror  than  the  Armstrong  gun  ;  the  looms  of  Lyons  and  Leeds 
and  Lawrence  are  premiers  heard  round  the  world  ;  and  Chick- 
cring’s  pianos  are  better  than  war  bugles  to  herald  pacification 
to  mankind.  Crystal  palaces  are  taking  the  place  of  baronial 
castles,  and  feudalism  is  giving  way  to  science  and  art  which 
invigorate  religion,  liberty,  and  law. 

At  this  moment  we  all  easily  recall  the  part  which  w^as  sus¬ 
tained  by  our  own  country  in  the  first  international  exhibition 


9G 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


which  was  held  in  London  in  1851.  How  at  its  opening  the 
“  Times  ”  expressed  an  ostensible  surprise,  but  I  fear  a  con¬ 
cealed  salisfaclion,  at  the  meagreness  of  the  American  depart¬ 
ment.  And  how  at  its  close,  the  press  of  England  and  the 
Continent  spoke  in  another  tone,  after  McCormack  had  swept 
the  field  with  his  reaper,  and  Powers  had  awakened  new  sensa¬ 
tions  in  the  domain  of  art  and  beauty.  Since  that  day  the 
people  of  this  country,  people  of  Massachusetts,  have  carried 
their  experiments  of  invention  and  practice,  their  million-handed 
manufacture,  their  heavier  and  their  lighter  machines,  their 
union  of  the  physical  forces  with  the  moral  welbbeing  of  all  who 
labor,  their  instrumentalities  which  effect  a  great  production,  and 
as  well  those  which  effect  the  culture  of  sentiment  and  taste  in 
men  and  v.  omen,  —  these  they  have  carried  forward  to  a  pitch 
rf  success  that  makes  them  not  afraid  to  be  presented  before  any 
court  or  tribunal  assembled  on  either  side  of  the  water  to  tiy 
each  who  contributes  to  the  cause  of  all. 

And,  accordingly,  it  is  my  pleasure  to  announce  a  verdict 
which  ought  to  b»^  satisfactory  to  us  from  the  recent  canvass  of 
merit  at  Paris.  The  United  States  has  every  reason  to  be 
gratified  with  the  result;  and  our  own  Commonwealth  has  equal 
reason  to  be  pleased  with  its  proportion  of  success.  Of  the  forty- 
five  honorable  awards  made,  under  difierent  styles  of  designation, 
to  citizens  of  this  State,  it  is  not  necessary  that  I  should  here 
repeat  the  mention  which  has  heretofore  been  so  generally  made 
public.  Without  any  intent  of  being  invidious  I  may  allude  to 
two  of  these.  It  is  proper  as  it  is  natural,  that  we  should  all  of 
us  feel  a  degree  of  pride  in  the  distinction  of  the  Cross  of  the 
Legion  of  Honor  bestowed  upon  our  fellow-citizen,  Mr.  Chick- 
cring,  for  his  triumph  in  a  department  of  genius  and  taste  in 
which  our  sensibilities  are  most  profoundly  interested  ;  and  I  am 
sure  he  will  permit  me,  in  the  greater  simplicity  of  our  repub¬ 
lican  forms,  to  deliver  into  his  hands  the  symbol  already  pro- 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


97 


sented  to  him  by  his  Imperial  Majesty  of  F ranee.  Nor  can  I 
omit  to  name  also  the  high  honors  conferred  upon  the  corporation 
of  the  Pacific  Mills  of  Lawrence  for  its  special  organizations  and 
institutions  in  promoting  the  material,  moral,  and  intellectual 
good  of  all  persons  connected  with  its  works.  This  corporation 
not  only  has  a  soul,  but  it  has  a  cultivated  and  an  active  soul. 
It  furnishes  an  example  to  all  others,  in  that  it  rewards  labor  by 
honoring  and  elevating  it.  And  as  to  all  these  awards,  honors, 
and  medals,  too  many  to  permit  mention  now,  in  behalf  of  the 
Government  of  the  State,  and  in  behalf  of  its  people,  I  take 
special  pride  in  making  here  a  formal  and  final  delivery  to  those 
who  have  achieved  them.  They  have  not  in  this  competition 
conferred  greater  credit  upon  themselves  than  upon  their  State. 
They  have  given  to  it  an  advanced  rank  in  the  public  history. 
To  their  efiTorts  in  part  we  are  doubtless  indebted  for  the  lan¬ 
guage  of  Baron  Dupin,  who,  in  his  report  on  the  Exposition, 
addressed  to  the  Emperor,  thus  pays  graceful  compliment  to  this 
Commonwealth :  — 

“  West  of  the  Atlantic,  Massachusetts,  small  in  her  territory 
which  is  incomparably  less  fertile  than  the  valleys  of  the  Missis¬ 
sippi,  La  Plata,  or  the  Amazon,  is  great  by  her  industry.  She 
places  herself  at  the  head  of  the  sciences  and  the  industrial  arts, 
in  the  midst  of  the  States  of  the  New  World.  To  her  limited 
territory  she  adds  two  oceans ;  she  sends  more  seamen  to  the 
polar  circles  in  pursuit  of  their  great  cetacea  than  all  other 
nations  together.  She  goes  even  to  Asia  to  seek  for  the  treas¬ 
ures  of  the  equator ;  she  pays  for  the  aromatics,  the  priceless 
perfumes  of  the  torrid  zune,  with  ice  from  her  lakes.  To  draw 
from  her  running  streams  advantages  still  more  astonishing,  she 
transforms  her  cataracts,  her  rapids,  into  moving  powers  rivaling 
steam.  It  does  not  satisfy  this  State  to  create  an  Alma  Mater 
at  Cambridge  in  order  to  extend  the  limits  of  science,  and  to  add 
even  the  stars  to  her  conquests ;  but  she  founds  at  the  same  time 


98 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


her  Manchester,  her  Glasgow,  her  Leeds,  and  her  Halifax.  In 
the  half  century  that  is  to  succeed  this  that  we  are  describing, 
she  is  preparing  for  a  gigantic  struggle  with  the  Colossus  of 
British  industry.  She  is  commencing  now.  New  England  is 
fighting  her  second  battle  for  independence,  and  the  victory  will 
be  the  independence  of  the  industrial  arts.” 

^  His  Excellency  was  frequently  interrupted  with 
applause,  which  was  remarkably  hearty  at  the  men  Lion 
of  Chickering’s  pianos  in  contrast  with  war  bugles. 

Mr.  Usher  then  ^aid:  “The  Governor  will  now  pass 
to  the  successful  parties  their  awards.  The  names  of  all 
the  parties  will  be  called,  but  it  is  possible  some  of  them 
may  not  be  present.’’ 

Governor  Bullock  then  distributed  the  medals  as  the 
names  were  called.  The  first  read  was  that  of  Chicker- 
ing  &  Sons,  piano  manufacturers,  to  whom  was  given 
the  Cross  of  Chevalier  of  the  Legion  of  Honor,  and  a 
gold  medal.  As  Mr.  Chickering  stepped  forward  to 
receive  the  awards  which  the  firm  he  represents  so 
richly  merits,  he  was  received  with  loud  and  prolonged 
applause  from  the  audience,  and  music  by  the  band. 

The  next  award  was  to  the  Pacific  Mills,  Lawrence, 
a  grand  prize, -—a  gold  medal  of  the  value  of  1,000 
francs,  and  9,000  francs  in  gold.  This  was  given  under 
the  new  order  of  recompense,  “  for  persons,  establish¬ 
ments,  or  localities,  which,  by  organizations  or  special 
institutions,  have  developed  harmony  among  co-opera¬ 
tors,  and  produced,  in  an  eminent  degree,  the  material, 
moral,  and  intellectual  well-being  of  the  workman.” 

A  gold  medal  was  also  awarded  to  J.  P.  Whitney,  of 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


99 


Boston,  for  silver  ores  from  Colorado.  The  medal  was 
received  by  Alderman  George  W.  Messinger  amid  much 
applause. 

The  names  of  the  recipients  of  silver  medals  were  next 
read,  the  band  responding  to  each  by  playing  some 
national  air.  When  the  medal  given  to  Pratt  &  Went¬ 
worth,  of  Boston,  for  the  Peerless  Cooking  Stove,  was 
announced,  the  band  responded  with  “  Home,  Sweet 
Home,”  which  was  encored  by  the  audience. 

After  reading  the  names  of  those  who  had  received 
diplomas,  the  Chairman  called  upon  Mr.  William  P. 
Eustis,  who  spoke  briefly  as  follows  :  — 

Mr.  Chairman  :  —  It  is  quite  unexpected  to  me  to  be  called 
upon  at  the  commencement  of  this  meeting,  and  I  do  not  propose 
to  make  any  extended  remarks  ;  but  a  single  idea  has  occurred 
to  me  since  I  have  been  sitting  here,  that  it  is  in  the  memory  of 
many  of  us  here  that  not  many  years  ago  the  question  was  asked 
sarcastically  concerning  us,  “  Wlio  reads  an  American  book  ?  ” 
That  question,  I  think,  has  been  pretty  well  settled  by  the  com¬ 
munity  generally  throughout  the  world,  and  it  is  very  pleasant 
to  acknowledge  the  recent  endorsement  of  the  answer  in  the 
affirmative  from  the  source  from  which  the  question  originated. 
The  recent  honor  that  has  been  conferred  upon  us  must  be 
gratifying  to  all.  It  would  have  been  equally  pertinent,  sir,  if  at 
the  time  when  that  question  was  decided,  the  question  had  been, 
“  Who  makes  use  of  an  American  tool  ?  ”  That  question,  I 
think,  has  besn  very  satisfactorily  answered  at  the  great  Expo¬ 
sition  in  Paris,  and  we  have  confirmed  it  here  this  evening. 

As  I  remarked  at  the  outset,  I  did  not  intend  to  make  any 
extended  remarks ;  but  I  rise  for  the  purpose  of  introducing  to 
you,  sir,  my  friend,  your  friend,  the  friend  of  America,  and  the 


100 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


friend  of  the  Union  [cheers],  Rev.  Leon  Pilatte,  of  Nice,  France, 
who,  during  our  struggle,  during  our  peril,  was  firm  for  the 
Union,  and  among  the  faithless  faithful  was  found. 

The  reverend  gentleman  was  presented  to  the  audi¬ 
ence  by  the  Chairman,  and  spoke  as  follows :  — 

I  owe  the  honor  of  addressing  you  to  my  nationality.  And  I 
thank  you  for  the  opportunity  which  is  offered  to  me  of  express¬ 
ing  that  which  has  been  in  my  mind  ever  since  I  sat  in  this  room. 
If  there  was  an  exhibition,  not  of  what  nations  do,  but  of  what 
nations  are,  what  place  would  occupy  in  such  an  exhibition  the 
State  of  Massachusetts  ?  [Applause.]  Well,  France  is  a  great 
country  [laughter]  ;  no  doubt  of  it  [cheers].  But  ever  since  T 
have  visited  this  country,  —  when  a  young  man  I  came  many 
years  ago  to  study  your  institutions,  —  I  have  felt  that  the 
grandeur  of  a  nation,  the  majesty  of  a  people,  does  not  reside  in 
the  millions  it  may  number,  in  the  magnificence  of  its  monu¬ 
ments,  in  the  progress  even  of  its  industry  or  of  its  arts ;  but 
that  the  true  grandeur  of  a  people  resides  in  its  intellectual, 
moral,  and  religious  elevation.  And  I  have  said  that  of  all  the 
States  of  the  world,  my  own  State,  in  many  respects  so  great 
and  so  glorious,  is  not  the  first.  And  when  I  have  gone  over 
nearly  every  one  of  the  United  States,  reading  your  laws, 
observing  your  customs,  studying  your  condition,  I  will  not 
flatter  you  in  telling  the  truth ;  I  have  said  that  of  all  the  States 
I  know  Massachusetts  is  the  greatest.  [Applause.]  Yes,  the 
greatest ;  for  there  I  have  found  more  instruction,  more  morality, 
more  religion  in  the  true  and  deep  sense  of  the  word,  than  in 
any  other  State  I  have  visited,  taking  all  in  all.  And  I  wish 
there  were  an  exhibition  of  nations,  where  Massachusetts  with 
its  institutions  and  its  people  could  truly  be  exhibited.  Now  it 
is  not  a  Cross  of  the  Legion  of  Honor,  it  is  not  a  silver  nor  a 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


101 


bronze  medal,  —  there  is  nothing  precious  enough  in  this  world 
to  do  sufficient  honor  to  those  who  stand  at  the  head  of  nations 
in  learning  (I  mean  the  people  at  large,  and  not  certain  individ¬ 
uals),  in  mental,  in  moral,  and  religious  culture.  You,  sir,  who 
visited  Paris  at  the  last  exhibition,  you  must  have  come  away 
from  that  transformed  city  filled  with  admiration.  What  mag¬ 
nificent  streets,  what  splendid  order,  what  beauty,  what  art,  at 
every  step  I  You  were  deeply  impressed,  I  have  no  doubt,  with 
the  outward  magnificence  of  the  capital  of  France,  and  with  its 
wealth  as  regards  art  and  industry.  Well  you  might  be.  And 
do  you  know  what  impresses  me  more  than  you  can  have  been 
impressed  in  Paris  ?  It  is  the  sight  which  meets  me  at  every 
step  in  this  country,  —  a  free  people.  And  I  would  sell  for  a 
little  freedom  a  great  deal  of  that  which  is  admired  in  my  own 
country.  May  you  —  and  I  think  I  speak  here  to  a  fair  repre-* 
sentation  of  the  people  of  Massachusetts  —  may  you  (and  that 
wish  comes  out  of  the  depths  of  my  heart)  ever  retain  that  free¬ 
dom,  that  love  of  intellectual  culture,  that  high-toned  morality, 
and  that  Christian  religion,  which  have  made  your  grandeur  in 
the  past,  and  which,  if  preserved  amongst  you  and  in  these 
United  States,  will  be  in  one  sense  a  lighthouse  for  the  world  — 
not  for  the  new  alone,  but  for  the  old  also.  Allow  me  —  since 
it  has  been  alluded  to,  the  deep  interest  I  personally  took  in 
your  recent  fearful  struggle  —  allow  me  to  say  that  in  common 
with  my  friend  Gasparin,  in  common  with  my  friend  Laboulaye, 
and  in  common  with  the  best  minds  of  our  country,  I  felt  that 
you  were  fighting  your  own  battle  and  ours,  that  you  were  fight¬ 
ing  for  the  hope  of  liberty.  [Cheers.]  The  hope  of  liberty  in 
the  old  world  was  hanging  upon  the  issues  of  your  war.  And 
when  despots  sympathised  with  the  rebellion,  they  knew  full  well 
that  if  that  rebellion  succeeded,  it  was  over,  and  for  a  long  time, 
with  republican  interests,  and  with  republican  liberty  ;  wffiilst  if 
the  North,  if  the  United  States  succeeded,  their  days  were  num- 


102 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


bered.  May  the  niimber  of  those  days  be  small,  and  your  liberty 
last  forever.  [Repeated  applause.] 

At  the  close  of  Mr.  Pilatte’s  address  Mr.  Usher 
introduced  Dr.  George  B.  Loring,  who  spoke  as 
follows :  — 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen  :  —  I  hardly  know  why  I  was 
invited  by  the  commissioner  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Paris 
Exposition  to  make  a  short  concluding  speech  here  this  evening, 
unless  it  was  on  account  of  the  interest  which  I  take  in  all  public 
demonstrations  that  are  made  for  the  benefit  of  labor.  [Ap¬ 
plause.]  lie  knows,  my  friends,  that  I  believe  in  all  the 
associated  means  by  which  man  can  elevate  himself  in  the  scale 
of  being,  and  that  I  believe  in  all  those  associations  which  bring 
men  in  competition  with  each  other  in  the  practical  affairs  of  life. 
So  I  believe  that  I  am  here,  my  friends,  more  as  President  of 
the  New  England  Agrhultural  Society  than  in  any  other  capacity 
I  can  conceive  of.  [Applause.]  Now,  when  I  accepted  the 
invitation,  I  was  not  aware  what  an  admirable  and  inspiring 
scene  I  was  to  witness.  I  knew  that  Massachusetts  had  always 
had  a  great  and  hearty  reception  for  her  distinguished  statesmen, 
when,  on  their  return,  they  brought  with  them  the  honors  nobly 
won  ;  and  I  remember  how  the  citizens  of  this  Commonwealth 
waited  on  her  borders  to  receive  your  Webster,  and  your 
Sumner,  as  they  returned  from  fighting  for  the  honor  of  this  old 
Commonwealth  in  the  national  capitol.  I  knew  too  that  Massa¬ 
chusetts  had  never  been  slow  to  receive  her  martial  heroes.  I 
remember  how  your  blood  boiled  in  your  veins  when  the  generals 
and  commanders  in  the  late  war  returned,  and  how  your  hands 
and  hearts  opened  to  the  boys  in  blue  when  they  brought  back 
their  well  won  honors.  [Applause.]  But  I  did  not  know  that 
there  was  so  warm  a  reception  ready  for  labor,  for  the  intelli- 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


103 


gent  and  educated  labor  of  this  Commonwealth,  —  that  the 
heroes  that  had  won  their  renown  on  more  peaceful  fields  had 
worked  their  way  into  your  hearts  so  far.  I  did  not  know  that 
the  most  distinguished  manufacturer  of  pianos  in  the  world  came 
home  so  honored  by  the  musical  sentiment  of  this  community. 
[Applause.]  I  did  not  know  that  the  women  of  this  Common¬ 
wealth  had  so  cordial  a  welcome  for  him  who  made  their  domes¬ 
tic  cares  lighter  by  his  ingenious  and  admirable  cooking  stove. 
[Applause.]  I  had  yet  to  learn  that  in  all  the  great  industrial 
arts  of  life  there  was  so  much  to  be  done,  and  that  Massachusetts 
would  give  so  ardent  and  warm  a  welcome  to  these  peaceful 
heroes  I  see  all  around  me,  —  not  battle-scarred,  but  intelligent 
and  devoted  to  their  State  and  country. 

I  think,  my  friends,  that  this  scene  —  so  large  an  audience 
gathered  to  witness  the  bestowal  of  honors  won  by  these  gentle¬ 
men  in  carrying  the  intelligence,  education,  and  ingenuity,  and 
as  my  friend  from  Paris  has  said,  the  morality  and  religion  of 
Massachusetts  into  competition  with  the  world  —  is  a  most 
admirable  and  striking  one. 

It  is  by  such  instrumentalities  as  these  that  Massachusetts  has 
secured  her  great  distinction.  It  is  by  such  labor  and  industry 
as  are  represented  here  that  she  has  won  her  high  position 
among  her  sister  States.  In  all  the  affairs  of  life  it  is  her 
endeavor  to  excel.  Not  only  in  her  schools  and  all  seminaries 
of  learning  —  not  only  in  all  her  reformatory  institutions  —  not 
only  in  her  devotion  to  all  moral  and  religious  cultivation  — 
does  'she  manifest  a  zealous  and  self-sacrificing  care ;  but  in 
those  material  endeavors  which  make  her  rich  and  powerful. 
To  this  end  she  enchains  her  streams  and  levels  her  mountains, 
and  fills  up  her  valleys,  to  become,  as  she  is,  a  marvel  of  a  great 
Commonwealth  in  this  community.  Those  gentlemen  who  car¬ 
ried  her  arts  and  enterprise  to  Paris  in  competition  with  the 
world,  represented  then  the  free,  loyal,  independent  intelligence 


104 


PAKIS  EXPOSITION. 


for  which  Massachusetts  has  always  been  distinguished,  and  they 
also  won  more  honors  for  her  name.  Massachusetts  mechanics 
have  long  earned  for  her  a  reputation  of  which  she  may  well  be 
proud.  Prom  the  day  when  Benjamin  Count  Rumford  “  shot 
like  a  meteor  from  the  woods  of  Woburn,”  as  President  Quincy 
said,  and  rose  into  high  civic  honors  in  foreign  lands,  by  his 
ingenuity,  industry,  and  skill,  until  this  hour,  have  her  busy  sons 
labored  for  her  renown  ;  until,  in  our  own  day,  fresh  laurels, 
most  fitly  bestowed,  have  fallen  upon  the  descendants  of  Jonas 
Chickering  [applause  and  cheers],  a  simple,  honest,  sincere 
faithful  Massachusetts  citizen  and  mechanic,  who  brought  new 
honor  to  his  native  State,  who  in  his  best  and  worst  estate  never 
forgot  the  love  he  bore  to  the  old  Commonwealth,  and  to  the  city 
of  Boston,  —  and  whose  monument  stands  here  before  you. 
[Applause  ]  And  so,  my  friends,  we  may  be  proud  of  our 
beloved  Commonwealth,  when  we  remember  that  this  Attica  of 
ours  wins  her  distinction  not  only  by  her  wars  of  the  Peloponnes- 
sus,  but  by  the  ingenuity,  the  skill,  the  intelligence,  and  the 
genius  which  desert  no  walk  in  life,  but  illuminate  them  all.  I 
feel  grateful  to  God,  my  friends,  that  you  and  I  are  citizens  of 
this  Commonwealth,  and  recipients  of  her  large  and  ample 
bounty. 

Now,  one  word  for  these  expositions  and  I  am  done.  They 
are  the  great  modern  peacemakers.  They  enlighten  and  civilize 
Am.erica  ;  and  when  I  heard  the  distinction  which  America  won 
in  the  Exposition  of  1851,  and  that  which  again  she  won  in  the 
Exposition  in  Paris  in  1867,  I  felt  assured  that  the  time  was 
coming  when  men  would  beat  their  swords  into  ploughshares, 
and  their  spears  into  pruning-hooks  ;  and  that  the  heroes  of  the 
time  would  be  those  who  adorned  and  civilized  life,  and  made 
our  existence  here  upon  earth  one  of  pleasure  and  admiration  to 
us  all.  Massachusetts  has  won  an  enviable  distinction  in  the 
past,  and  I  trust  that  in  all  future  time  when  her  intelligent  sons 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


105 


compete,  as  they  have  done,  with  the  labor  of  other  countries, 
she  will  find  herself  in  the  high  and  honorable  position  which  she 
occupies  to-night.  [Applause.] 

The  Chairma.i  then  introduced  his  Honor,  Mayor 
S’hurtleff,  who  addressed  the  audience  as  follows  :  — 

I 

Mr.  Commissioner  and  Friends;  —  When  I  received  the 
Commissioner’s  invitation,  a  few  days  ago,  to  be  present  and  take  • 
part  in  the  services  of  this  interesting  occasion,  I  made  up  my 
mind,  and  kept  it  to  the  best  of  my  ability,  not  to  accept  it  for¬ 
mally,  for  I  did  not  wish  to  come  here  as  a  representative  of  the 
city  goverment.  I  felt  that  by  birthright  I  was  entitled  to  come 
here  to-night,  and  as  one  of  you,  my  friends,  to  mingle  with  the 
crowd  as  a  citizen  of  Boston. 

Mr.  Commissioner,  it  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  see  you  once 
more  with  us,  representing  here,  as  you  do,  the  sturdy  industry 
of  Massachusetts,  and  the  literary  as  well  as  the  practical  arts  of 
the  community,  —  as  you  have  been  the  faithful  agent  of  our 
good  old  Commonwealth  at  the  great  Exposition  of  art  and 
science  in  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  enlightened  nations  of  the 
transatlantic  world. 

When  I  heard  you,  in  your  address  to  his  Excellency  the 
Governor,  mention  how  high  the  United  States  stood  in  that 
Grand  Exposition,  in  respect  to  its  contributions  of  the  practical 
works  of  art  and  of  its  scientific  productions,  I  was  rejoiced  to 
know  that  my  country  stood  so  well  in  the  scale  of  merit.  I 
must  confess  I  felt  more  proud  that  Massachusetts  should  lead 
all  other  States  of  our  glorious  confederacy.  But.  sir,  as  you 
read  to-night,  one  by  one,  the  names  of  my  own  fellow-citizens, 
most  of  them  personal  friends,  and  as  their  names  increased  in 
number  till  they  outnumbered  all  from  other  parts  of  the  Com¬ 
monwealth,  I  must  own  that  the  pride  of  a  Boston  boy  rose 


106 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


within  me,  and  I  felt  glad  that  the  skillful  mechanics  and  accom¬ 
plished  artisans  who  had  achieved  such  triumphs  were  of  this, 
your  city,  and  that  I,  too,  was  a  Bostonian. 

It  is  with  unfeioned  pleasure  that  I  recognize  among  the 
Boston  recipients  of  these  honors  so  many  of  my  old  associates 
and  personal  friends.  On  the  left  I  behold  the  well-earned 
decoration  of  the  Legion  of  Honor,  deservedly  won  and  worn  by 
one  of  these.  On  the  right  I  see  it  again  —  no  new  decoration 
for  him  —  on  another.  These  two  individuals  have  benefitted 
the  world  as  much  as  any  two  of  our  citizens  have  ever  done. 
The  one  has  brought  the  most  agreeable  of  the  arts  of  peace  to  a 
degree  almost  approaching  perfection ;  while  the  other  has 
alleviated  above  all  other  men  the  physical  sufferings  of  poor 
human  nature  —  music  to  charm,  anaesthesia  to  soothe. 

Monuments  to  music  have  been  raised  here  ;  I  need  not  tell 
you  that  a  memorial  of  the  great  discovery  that  I  have  just 
alluded  to,  is  about  to  grace  one  of  our  public  squares.  I  need 
but  add,  that  wherever  our  citizens  may  go,  the  world  over,  they 
will  hear  the  names  of  Chickering  and  Jackson  spoken  of  with 
delight  and  respect,  and  placed  together,  as  among  the  great 
benefactors  of  the  civilized  world. 

Mr.  Commissioner,  —  As  I  did  not  mean  in  rising  to  attempt 
a  speech,  for  I  have  come  here  entirely  unprepared  and  unquali¬ 
fied  to  entertain  an  audience  like  this,  who  have  already  listened 
to  such  eloquent  words  as  have  been  uttered  by  your  distin¬ 
guished  and  accomplished  speakers,  I  will,  with  your  permission 
resume  my  seat,  and  be,  what  I  intended  on  this  occasion,  a 
listener  and  witness  of  the  remaining  portion  of  the  exercises. 

At  the  close  of  his  Honor’s  speech  the  band  played 
Yankee  Doodle,  with  variations  for  the  cornet  hy  Mr. 
Arbuckle,  in  such  a  manner  as  to  excite  immense 
applause  and  an  encore. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


107 


Mr.  Usher  then  presented  Dr.  Jackson,  who  spoke  as 
follows :  — 

Mr.  Chairman  and  Gentlemen  :  ^ —  I  have  only  a  resolu¬ 
tion  to  offer ;  but  before  offering  it,  I  would  express  my  great 
gratification  at  the  success  of  this  exhibition,  and  my  thanks  to 
the  gentleman  from  France,  who  represents  that  country,  and 
who  has  shown  us  that  we  have  sympathising  'friends  on  the 
other  side  of  the  water.  The  resolution  which  I  now  propose  is 
one  to  bring  France  to  our  country.  We  have  been  to  France,  and 
now  we  propose  to  bring  France  to  us.  In  eight  years,  ladies 
and  gentlemen,  from  the  fourth  of  July  next,  the  Unites  Stales 
will  celebrate  its  one  hundredth  birthday.  On  that  occasion  1 
propose  that  we  shall  have  a  grand  international  exhibition,  and 
that  we  shall  then  show  by  exhibiting  the  products  of  American 
industry,  the  real  strength  of  this  country.  [Applause.]  Abroad 
far  away,  it  is  difficult  for  our  citizens  to  do  themselves  j  ustice. 
Many  ingenious  inventors  are  unable  to  carry  the  products  of 
their  skill  to  a  foreign  country  for  exhibition.  Unfortunately 
our  Congress  made  no  provision  for  the  transpoitation  of  United 
States  works  of  art  and  ingenuity  which  would  have  otherwise 
been  sent,  and  it  was  not  until  the  very  last  hour  that  these 
gentlemen  hurried  forward  a  few  things  which  they  could  get 
ready  for  the  exhibition.  The  resolution  which  I  propose  is 
this  :  — 

Whereas,  The  one  hundredth  birthday  of  the  United  States 
being  near  at  hand,  we  deem  it  desirable  to  commemorate  the 
event  by  some  grand  display,  commensurate  with  the  rapid 
growth  and  power  and  improvement  of  this  nation  in  arts, 
science,  agriculture,  manufactures,  and  commerce ;  therefore. 
Resolved,  That  measures  be  taken  at  this  time  to  memorialize 
the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  praying  that  honorable  body 
to  consider  the  propriety  of  inviting  all  nations  to  join  with  us  in 


108 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


a  grand  international  exposition  of  industrial  arts,  to  be  held  at 
Washington,  commencing  on  the  fourth  of  July,  1876,  and 
continuing  during  that,  our  jubilee  year. 

I  would  ask  you,  Mr.  Chairman,  to  take  the  sense  of  the 
assemblage  upon  this  resolution. 

Rev.  Mr.  Pilatte,  after  a  tribute  to Sweet  Home” 
by  the  most'  industrious  artists  of  the  occasion  in  the 
balcony,  rose  and  desired  as  a  European  to  second  the 
resolution  with  all  his  heart. 

The  Chairman  asked  who  could  object  if  France  and 
America  were  willing,  and  put  +he  question,  the  audi¬ 
ence  raising  their  hands  in  an  affirmative  vote,  without 
dissent. 

The  services  If  the  occasion  were  then  closed  in  a 
brief  speech  by  the  Chairman,  thanking  each  and  all  of 
those  in  attendance  for  the  interest  which  they  had 
manifested,  and  returning  special  thanks,  both  in  behalf 
of  those  contributors  who  were  present  to  receive  their 
diplcmas,  and  also  in  behalf  of  the  ladies  who  had  so 
well  appreciated  the  tone  of  the  occasion,  to  the  band 
who  added  the  enlivening  touches,  and  found  their  notes 
unprotested,  though  often  due. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


103^ 


CATALOGUE  OF  AWARDS. 


In  addition  to  the  preceding  pages  relating  to  Massa¬ 
chusetts  contributors  to  the  Par's  Exposition,  the  follow¬ 
ing  list  of  awards,  with  a  brief  account  of  exhibitors 
from  other  States,  may  be  appropriately  i  troduced. 

Cross  of  Chevalier  of  the  Legion  of  Honor. 
McCormick,  C.  H.,  Chicago,  Ill, 

Wood,  Walter  A.,  Hoosick  Falls,  N.  Y. 

Howe,  Elias,  Jr.,  New  York. 

New  Order  of  Recompenses, 

For  persons,  establishments,  or  localities,  which,  hy  organizations 
or  special  institutions,  have  developed  harmony  among  co-oper¬ 
ators,  and  produced,  in  an  eminent  degree,  the  material,  moral, 
and  intellectual  well-being  of  the  workmen. 

Agricultural  Society  of  Vineland,  New  Jersey  ;  an  Honorable 
Mention,  unaccompanied  by  a  medal. 


110 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


Fine  Arts. 

Church,  F.  E.,  New  York  city ;  the  artists’  medal,  with  500 
francs  in  gold.  Landscape*  paintings  in  oil. 

Grand  Prizes. 

Field,  Cyrus  W.,  an  Anglo-American  Transatlantic  Telegraph 
Company  ;  transatlantic  cable. 

United  States  Sanitary  Commission ;  ambulances,  materials, 
instruments,  etc.,  for  the  relief  of  the  wounded,  used  in  the  late 
war.  See,  also,  Honorable  Mention. 

Hughes,  - ,  New  York ;  printing  telegraph. 

McCormick,  C.  H.,  Chicago,  Illinois  ;  reaping  machines.  To 
this  grand  prize,  gained  in  the  field-trials  of  agricultural  ma¬ 
chines,  was  added,  by  the  Emperor,  the  Cross  of  Chevalier  of 
the  Legion  of  Honor. 

Gold  Medal,  with  Work  of  Art. 

Wood,  Walter  A.,  Hoosick  Falls,  New  York;  mowing 
machines.  To  this  prize,  gained  in  the  field-trials  of  agricultural 
machines,  was  added,  by  the  Emperor,  the  Cross  of  Chevalier  of 
the  Legion  of  Honor. 

Gold  Medals. 

Corliss  Steam  Engine  Company,  Providence,  Rhode  Island ; 
the  Corliss  engine. 

Fire-Arm  Manufacturing  Industry  of  the  United  States; 
fire-arms. 

Grant  Locomotive  Works,  Patterson,  New  Jersey  ;  locomotive 
and  tender. 

Howe,  Elias,  Jr.,  “  promoter  of  the  sewing  machine.”  To  this 
gold  medal  was  added,  by  the  Emperor,  the  Cross  of  Chevalier 
of  the  Legion  of  Honor. 

McCormick,  C.  H.,  Chicago,  Illinois ;  reaping  and  mowing 
machines. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


Ill 


Meyer,  Victor,  Parish  of  Concordia,  Louisiana ;  short  staple 
cotton. 

Rodgers,  C.  B.  &  Co.,  Norwich,  Connecticut;  wood-working 
machines. 

Sellers,  William,  &  Co.,  Philadelphia ;  machine  tools. 

Steinway  &  Son,  New  York  city  ;  pianos. 

Trager,  L.,  Blackhawk  Point,  Louisiana  ;  short  staple  cotton. 

Walbridge,  Wells  D.,  New  York  city ;  gold  and  silver  ores 
from  Idaho. 

Welch,  Patrick,  New  York  city  ;  type-dressing  machine. 

Wheeler  &  Wilson,  New  York  city ;  sewing  and  button-hole 
machines. 

White,  S.  S.,  Philadelphia ;  artificial  teeth  and  dentists*  instru¬ 
ments  and  furniture. 

Wood,  Walter  A.,  Hoosick  Falls,  New  York,  reaping  and 
mowing  machines. 

Silver  Medals. 

Alabama,  State  of ;  short  staple  cotton.  See  Honorable 
Mention. 

American  Button-Hole  Company,  Philadelphia ;  sewing  and 
button-hole  machines. 

Barnes,  Surgeon  General  J.  K.,  United  States  Army, 
Washington  ;  surgical  instruments,  hospital  apparatus,  etc. 

Bement  &  Dougherty,  Philadelphia  ;  machine  tools. 

Bergner,  Theodore,  Philadelphia  ;  co-operator  —  engineer  of 
Messrs.  Sellers  &  Co. 

Bidwell,  J.  C.,  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania;  Comstock’s  rotary 
spader. 

Blake,  William  P.,  San  Francisco,  California;  California 
minerals. 

Browne,  J.  R.,  &  Sharpe,  Providence,  Rhode  Island;  screw¬ 
cutting  and  milling  machines. 


112 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


Burt,  E.  C-,  New  York  city ;  machine  sewed  boots  and  shoes. 

California,  State  of ;  cereals. 

Cape,  Culver  &  Co.,  New  York  city  ;  hams. 

Chapin  &  Wells,  Chicago,  Illinois ;  model  of  a  swing  bridge. 

Chicago  Board  of  Public  Works,  Chicago,  Illinois  ;  design  of 
the  lake  tunnel. 

Clark  Thread  Company,  Newark,  New  Jersey ;  cotton  yarns. 

Collins  &  Co.,  New  York  city;  steel  ploughs. 

Cool,  Ferguson  &  Co.,  Glen’s  Falls,  New  York;  barrel 
machines. 

Colt’s  Patent  Fire-Arms  Manufacturing  Company,  Hartford, 
Connecticut ;  fire-arms. 

Culbertson,  Blair  &  Co.,  Chicago,  Illinois ;  salted  meats. 

Daboll,  C.  L.,  New  London,  Connecticut ;  fog-signal. 

D’Aligny,  H.  F.  Q.,  co-operator  in  the  organization  of  the 
United  States  section. 

Darling,  Browne  &  Sharpe,  Bangor,  Maine ;  steel  measures. 

Delpit,  A.  &  Co.,  New  Orleans,  Louisiana;  snuff. 

Dixon,  J.,  &  Co.,  Jersey  City,  New  Jersey;  plumbago 
crucibles. 

Dufiield,  Charles,  Chicago,  Illinois ;  hams. 

Fairbanks,  E.  &  T.,  &  Co.,  St.  Johnsbury,  Vermont;  scales. 

Florence  Sewing  Machine  Company,  New  York  city ;  sewing 
machines. 

Fournier,  S.,  New  Orleans,  Louisiana;  electric  clocks. 

Glen  Cove  Starch  Manufacturing  Company,  New  York  city ; 
“  maizena  ”  and  starch. 

Gotthiel,  Edward,  New  Orleans,  Louisiana,  co-operator, 
services  rendered  to  agriculture  in  Louisiana. 

Gregg,  Isaac,  Philadelphia  ;  brick-making  machine. 

Gunther,  C.  G.,  &  Son,  New  York  city ;  furs. 

Howe  Machine  Company,  New  York  city  ;  sewing  machines. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


113 


Illinois  Central  Railroad  Company,  Chicago,  Illinois  ;  agri¬ 
cultural  products. 

Illinois,  State  of ;  collection  of  minerals. 

Illinois,  State  of ;  farmer’s  house. 

Illinois,  State  of ;  school-house. 

Lamb,  J.  W.,  Rochester,  New  York ;  knitting  machine. 

Lawrence,  E.,  Louisiana  ;  sugars. 

Nevada,  State  of ;  silver  and  copper  ores. 

New  York  Mills,  New  York  ;  muslins. 

Opper,  Morris,  New  York  ;  loom  for  corsets. 

Park  Brothers  &  Co.,  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania  ;  cast  steel  and 
edge  tools. 

Pease,  F.  S.,  Buffalo,  New  York ;  petroleum  oils.  See,  also, 
Honorable  Mention. 

Perry,  J.  G.,  Kingston,  Rhode  Island;  mowing  machine 
This  prize  was  gained  in  the  field-trials  of  agricultural  machines. 

Pigne,  J.  B.,  San  Francisco,  California ;  minerals. 

Providence  Tool  Company,  Providence,  Rhode  Island;  Pea¬ 
body’s  patent  fire-arms. 

Remington,  E.,  &  Son,  Ilion,  New  York  ;  fire-arms. 

Rutherford,  L.  M.,  New  Yoik  city;  astronomical  photographs. 

Schultz  &  Warker,  New  York  city  ;  mineral  water  apparatus. 

Schuttler,  Peter,  Chicago,  Illinois  ;  wagon. 

Tieman,  G.,  Philadelphia  ;  surgical  instruments. 

Tolies,  R.  F.,  Canastota,  New  York ;  microscopes. 

United  States  Government ;  specimens  of  frame  houses  for 
settlers. 

Wales^  William,  Fort  Lee,  New  Jersey  ;  optical  instruments. 

Wardwell,  G.  I.,  New  York  city  ;  stone-quarrying  machine. 

Weed  Sewing  Machine  Company,  New  York  city ;  sewing 
machines. 

Windsor  Manufacturing  Company,  Windsor,  Vermont ;  Ball’s 
patent  fire-arms. 


114  PARIS  EXPOSITION. 

Wood  Brothers,  New  York  city ;  phaeton. 


Bronze  Medals. 

Abbey,  C.,  &  Sons,  Philadelphia ;  dentists’  gold  foil. 

American  Lead  Pencil  Company,  New  York  city ;  lead 
pencils. 

Appleton,  D.,  &  Co.,  New  York  city ;  books. 

Baltimore  and  Cuba  Smelting  and  Mining  Company,  Balti¬ 
more,  Maryland ;  copper. 

Barlow,  Milton,  Lexington,  Kentucky ;  planetarium. 

Bartram  &  Fan  ton  Manufacturing  Company,  Danbury, 
Connecticut ;  sewing  and  button-hole  machines. 

Beer,  Sigismund,  New  York  city ;  stereoscopic  views. 

Belmont  Oil  Company,  Philadelphia  ;  oils. 

Brown  &  Level,  New  York  city ;  disengaging  tackle  for  boats. 

Carpenter,  W.  S.,  New  York  city ;  collection  of  corn. 

Carroll,  J.  W.,  Lynchburg,  Virginia ;  smoking  tobacco. 

Cummings,  W.,  &  Son,  Jersey  City,  New  Jersey  ;  model  of 
a  hospital  car. 

Day,  A.  G.,  Seymour,  Connecticut ;  indelible  pencils  and  lead 
pencils  in  India-rubber  cases.  See,  also.  Honorable  Mention. 

Deere  &  Co.,  Moline,  Illino’s  ;  steel  ploughs. 

Degener  &  Weiler,  New  York  city ;  printing  presses. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington  ;  collection  of  cereals. 

Diss  Debar,  J.  H.,  Commissioner  of  West  Virginia,  Parkers¬ 
burg,  West  Virginia ;  petroleum  oils. 

Douglass  Manufacturing  Company,  New  York  city;  edge 
tools. 

Douglass,  W.  &  B.,  Middletown,  Connecticut;  pumps. 

Fairbanks,  E.  &  T.,  &  Co.,  St.  Johnsbury,  Vermont ;  railroad 
scale. 

Fairchild,  L.  W.,  New  York  city ;  gold  pens  and  cases. 

Germiinder,  George,  New  York  city ;  stringed  instruments. 


PAEIS  EXPOSITION. 


115 


Goddard,  C.  L.,  New  York  city ;  mestizo  burring  picker. 
Goodenough  Horseshoe  Company,  New  York  city;  horseshoes. 
See,  also,  Honorable  Mention. 

Goodell,  D.  H.,  Antrim,  New  Hampshire ;  apple  parer. 
Gregg,  Isaac,  Philadelphia ;  model  of  a  brick  machine. 

Haupt,  Herman,  Philadelphia ;  tunneling  machine. 

Herring,  Farral  &  Sherman,  New  York  city ;  fire  and 
burglar  proof  safes. 

Hoglin  &  Gafflin,  Dayton,  Ohio ;  tobacco-cutting  machine. 
Hotchkiss,  H.  G.,  Lyon,  New  York  ;  oils  of  peppermint,  &c. 
Hotchkiss,  L.  B.,  Phelps,  New  York ;  oils  of  peppermint,  &c. 
House,  Henry  A.,  New  York  city ;  co-operator  in  the  estab¬ 
lishment  of  Wheeler  &  Wilson. 

House,  James  A.,  New  York  city ;  co-operator  establishment 
of  Wheeler  &  Wilson. 

Howe,  A.  B.,  New  York  city;  sewing  machines. 

Howe  Scale  Company,  Brandon,  Vermont ;  scales. 

Hudson,  E.  D.,  New  York  city ;  artificial  limbs. 

Humphres,  J.  C.,  parish  of  Bapides,  Louisiana;  short  staple 
cotton. 

Illinois,  State  of ;  cereals  and  flours. 

Jessup  &  Moore,  Philadelphia ;  papers. 

Johnson,  A.  J.,  New  York  city  ;  Johnson’s  Family  Atlas. 
Johnson,  B.,  Louisiana  ;  sugars. 

Johnson  &  Lund,  Philadelphia  ;  artificial  teeth. 

Justice,  P.  S.,  Philadelphia  ;  power  hammer. 

Kansas,  State  of ;  collection  of  cereals. 

Lilienthal,  C.  H.,  New  York  city ;  snuflf  and  tobacco. 
Lilienthal,  Ch.,  New  Orleans,  Louisiana;  photographic  views. 
Louisiana,  State  of ;  portable  cottage. 

Lyon,  J.  B.  &  Co.,  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania ;  pressed  glass¬ 
ware. 


116 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


Mission  Woolen  Mills,  San  Francisco,  California ;  woolen 
fabrics. 

Moody,  S.  N.,  New  Orleans,  Louisiana;  shirts. 

Morris,  Tasker  &  Co.,  Philadelphia ;  wringing  machine. 
Mumford,  Foster  &  Co.,  Detroit,  Michigan ;  boot-trees,  lasts, 
etc. 

Murphy’s,  W.  F.,  Sons,  Philadelphia ;  blank  books. 

Ohio,  State  of ;  collection  of  cereals. 

Olmstead,  L.  H.,  Stamford,  Connecticut ;  friction  clutch 
pulley.  See,  also.  Honorable  Mention. 

Pennsylvania,  State  of ;  anthracite  coal. 

Perry,  J.  G.,  Kingston,  Rhode  Island  ;  mowing  machine. 
Pickering  &  Davis,  New  York  city,  engine  governors. 

Randall,  S.  H.,  New  York  city ;  mica. 

Reidel,  G.  A.,  Philadelphia  ;  automatic  boiler  feeder. 
Richards,  Richard,  Racine,  Wisconsin ;  wool. 

Roots,  J.  B.,  New  York  city ;  steam  engine. 

Roots,  P.  H.  &  F.  M.,  Connersville,  Indiana ;  rotary  blower. 
Sachse,  F.,  &  Sons,  Philadelphia ;  shirts. 

Sarrazin,  J.  R.,  New  Orleans,  Louisiana ;  tobacco. 

Schedler,  Joseph,  Hudson  City,  New  Jersey;  terrestrial 
globes. 

Schreiber,  Louis,  New  York  city  ;  brass  instruments. 

Secombe  Manufacturing  Company,  New  York  city  ;  ribbon 
hand  stamps. 

Shaw,  C.  A.,  Biddeford,  Maine  ;  knitting  machine. 

Smith,  McPherson  &  Donald,  New  York  city ;  ales  and 
porter. 

Squire,  J.  J.,  New  London,  Connecticut;  preserved  fruits  and 
vegetables. 

Stursberg,  H.,  New  York  city ;  beaver  cloths. 

Sweet.  J.  E.,  Syracuse,  New  York ;  composing  machine. 
Tamboury,  A.,  parish  of  St.  James,  Louisiana ;  tobacco. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


117 


Tiffany  &  Co.,  New  York  city ;  silverware. 

Townsend,  W.  H.,  New  York  city ;  oil-cloths. 

Van  Deusen,  J.  B.,  New  York  city ;  model  of  the  yacht 
Fleetwing. 

Warner,  G.  F.,  &  Co.,  New  Haven,  Connecticut;  malleable 
iron  castings. 

Watkins,  C.  E.,  San  Francisco,  California;  photographs  — 
landscapes. 

Williams,  T.  C.,  &  Co.,  Danville,  Virginia;  chewing  and 
smoking  tobaccos. 

Wisconsin  State  Agricultural  Society ;  agricultural  products. 

Wisconsin,  State  of ;  collection  of  minerals. 

Wisconsin,  State  of ;  collection  of  cereals  and  flours. 

Wright,  R.  &  G.  A.,  Philadelphia ;  perfumery. 

Honorable  Mentions. 

Alabama,  State  of ;  short  staple  cotton. 

Allen,  J.,  &  Son,  New  York  city;  artificial  teeth. 

American  Wine  Company,  St.  Louis,  Missouri;  sparkling 
wines. 

Andrews,  W.  D.,  &  Brother,  New  York  city;  oscillating 
steam  engine. 

Avery,  D.  D„  Petite  Anse,  Louisiana  ;  rock  salt. 

Baker,  G.  R.,  St.  Louis,  Missouri ;  dough-kneading  machine. 

Bates,  R.,  Philadelphia  ;  instruments  to  cure  stammering. 

Bell  Factory,  Huntsville,  Alabama ;  cotton  fabrics. 

Buena  Vista  Vinicultural  Society,  San  Francisco,  California  ; 
sparkling  Sonoma  wine. 

Borden,  Gail,  New  York  city ;  extract  of  beef. 

Bottler,  Charles,  Cincinnati,  Ohio ;  sparkling  Catawba  wine. 

Broughton  &  Moore,  New  York  city ;  oilers,  cocks,  etc. 

Bourgeois,  E.,  New  Orleans,  Louisiana  ;  tobacco. 


118 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


Brandon  Kaolin  and  Paint  Company,  Brandon,  Vermont ; 
specimens  of  paints. 

Clark  Steam  and  Fire  Regulator  Company,  New  York  city 
steam  and  fire  regulator. 

Cohn,  M.,  New  York  city;  crinoline. 

Cozzens,  F.  S.,  New  York  city  ;  cigars. 

Dart,  H,  C.,  &  Co.,  New  York  city ;  rotary  steam  engine. 
Davidson,  G.,  Washington  ;  sextant. 

Davidson,  J. ,  St.  Bernard  parish,  Louisiana ;  sugars. 

Day,  A.  G.,  Seymour,  Connecticut ;  artificial  India  rubber. 
DutFy,  I.,  Patterson,  New  Jersey;  designs  for  improvements 
in  iron-clad  vessels. 

Elsberg,  Dr.  Louis,  New  York  city ;  specimens  of  peat  fuel. 
Empire  Sewing  Machine  Company,  New  York  city ;  sewing 
machines. 

Fries,  Alexander,  Cincinnati,  Ohio ;  flavoring  extracts. 

Glass,  Peter  Barton,  Wisconsin ;  mosaic  tables. 

Goodenough  Horseshoe  Company,  New  York  city;  horse¬ 
shoes. 

Herring,  S.  C.,  New  York  city ;  Bullard’s  hay  tedder. 

Hicks  Engine  Company,  New  York  city ;  steam  engine. 
Hirsch,  J.,  Chicago,  Illinois;  albumen,  glycerine,  &c. 
Holliday,  T.  &  C.,  New  York  city ;  aniline  colors. 

Howard,  D.  B.,  New  Yoik  city  ;  ambulance,  &c. 

Howell  &  Brother,  Philadelphia ;  wall  papers. 

Iowa,  State  of ;  collection  of  cereals. 

Jackson,  J.  H.,  New  York  city;  minerals  and  fossils. 
Kaldenburg  &  Son,  New  York  city  ;  meerschaum  pipes. 

Korn,  C.,  New  York  city  ;  calf  skin  leather. 

Balance  &  Grosjean,  New  York  city ;  house-furnishing  hard¬ 
ware. 

Linthicum,  W.  O.,  New  York  city  ;  cloth  clothing. 
Longworth,  Cincinnati,  Ohio  ;  sparkling  wines. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


119 


McCormick,  J.  J.,  Meriden,  Connecticut;  skates. 

Marietta  and  Gale’s  Fork  Petroleum  Company,  Marietta, 
Ohio ;  petroleum  oil. 

Metropolitan  Washing  Machine  Company,  New  York  city  ; 
clothes  wringers. 

Metropolitan  Washing  Machine  Company,  New  York  city  ; 
washing  machines. 

Minnesota,  State  of ;  collection  of  cereals. 

Moehring,  H.  G.,  agent  of  the  Volcanic  Oil  Company  of  West 
Virginia,  Philadelphia  ;  volcanic  lubricating  oil. 

Montague  &  Carlos,  New  Orleans,  Louisiana ;  black  moss  for 
upholsterers. 

Tasker  &  Co.,  Philadelphia  ;  pipe-cutting  machine. 

New  Haven  Clock  Company,  New  Haven,  Connecticut ; 
clocks. 

Olmstead,  L.  H.,  Stamford,  Connecticut ;  machine  tools. 

Oneida  Community,  Oneida,  New  York  ;  preserved  fruits. 

Page,  E.  W.,  New  York  city ;  oars. 

Pease,  F.  S.,  Buffalo,  New  York ;  pneumatic  pump. 

Perrot,  T.  Morris,  Philadelphia ;  medicine  wagon. 

Pleasant  Valley  Wine  Company,  Hammondsport,  New  York; 
wines  and  brandy. 

Portland  Packing  Company,  Portland,  Maine ;  preserved 
lobster  and  vegetables. 

Prentice,  J.,  New  York  city ;  cigar  machine. 

Purrington,  G.,  Jr.,  New  York  city;  carpet  sweeper. 

Robinson,  J.  A.,  New  York  city ;  Ericsson  hot-air  engine. 

Sabatier,  G  ,  Plaquemines  parish,  Louisiana ;  sugars. 

Selpho,  W.,  &  Son,  New  York  city  ;  artificial  limbs. 

Shelden,  Joseph,  New  Haven,  Connecticut ;  water-pressure 
regulator. 

Smith,  R.  M.,  Baltimore,  Maryland ;  petroleum  oils. 

Steam  Siphon  Company,  New  York  city ;  steam  siphon  pump. 


120 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


Stephenson,  J.  New  York  city ;  street  ;  railway  carriage. 
Stockton,  Samuel,  Philadelphia  ;  artificial  teeth. 

Tallman  &  Collins,  Janesville,  Wisconsin  ;  perfumery. 

Taylor,  C.  F.,  New  York  city  ;  therapeutic  apparatus. 
Townsend  Brothers,  New  York  city;  preserved  fruits  and 
oysters. 

United  Statas  Sanitary  Commission  ;  camp  material. 
Waltemeyer,  Jacob,  Baltimore,  Maryland  ;  preserved  fruits. 
Ward,  J.,  &  Co.,  New  York  city;  clothes  wringers. 

Ward,  J.,  &  Co.,  New  York  city;  washing  machines. 
Wellman,  C.,  New  York  city ;  saddles. 

Werk,  M.,  &  Son,  Cincinnati,  Ohio ;  sparkling  wines. 
Wharton,  Joseph,  Philadelphia ;  nickel,  cobalt,  and  zinc. 
Willard  &  Co.,  New  York  city;  photographic  camera  tubes 
and  lenses. 

Williams,  C.  C.,  New  York  city;  fruits  preserved  in  syrup. 
Williams  Silk  Manufacturing  Company,  New  York  city  ;  silk 
twist  for  sewing  machines. 

Winslow,  J.  B.,  New  York  city  ;  wood-moulding  machines. 
Young,  Isaac,  Commissioner  for  Kansas,  Leavenworth, 
Kansas ;  specimens  of  wood. 

Zailee,  J.  C.,  St.  Louis,  Missouri ;  clothing. 


Several  of  the  above-named  contributions  deserve 
especial  notice.  Herring,  Farrel,  &  Sherman’s  fire  and 
burglar  proof  safes  received  high  commendation  from 
visitors.  The  attention  bestowed  upon  them  excited  the 
jealousy,  if  not  the  envy,  of  the.  contributors  of  safes 
from  other  countries,  and  particularly  of  English  manu¬ 
facturers,  .which  resulted  in  a  challenge  from  Messrs. 
Herring,  Farrel,  &  Sherman  to  any  and  all  other  safe 
manufacturers  to  a  trial  of  their  respective  safes.  The 
challenge  was  accepted  by  Samuel  Chatwood,  of  Bol¬ 
ton,  Lancashire,  England. 

For  some  reason  Herring’s  first-class  safe,  forwarded 
for  exhibition,  still  remained  at  Havre,  and  did  not  reach 
Paris  in  season  to  be  put  to  trial ;  and  the  Ameri¬ 
can  firm  was  therefore  compelled  to  take  one  of  its 


122 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


ordinary  safes  and  put  it  to  the  test  against  the  best 
safe  of  the  only  manufacturer  who  accepted  the  chal¬ 
lenge,  viz.  :  undoubtedly  the  best  safe  manufacturer  in 
the  old  country.  Notwithstanding  this  unfavorable  cir- 
cnmtance,  the  Herring  safe  achieved  the  victory. 

The  subject  created  much  interest  at  the  time,  and 
was  freely  talked  over  in  social  and  business  circles,  each 
party  having  strong  friends,  tvho  enlarged  upon  the 
qualities  of  resistance  combined  in  each  safe.  As  safes 
are  of  so  great  value  to  the  commercial  security  of  the 
world,  this  interest  was  perfectly  natural,  and  when  it  was 
announced  that  tlie  Herring  safe  was  victorious,  every 
American  felt  a  degree  of  just  pride,  that  in  one  more 
department  the  United  States  was  first  on  the  list,  and 
that  the  Herring  Champion  Safe  had  beaten  all  compet¬ 
itors,  and  had  fairly  earned  its  name, —  Champion  Safe. 

Believing  that  the  American  people  will  take  pleasure 
in  fully  understanding  the  facts  in  this  case,  I  subjoin 
the  report  of  the  committee. 


THE  INTERNATIONAL  SAFE  COMPETITION. 

At  last  this  great  contest  has  reached  a  termination  by 
the  decision  of  the  jury,  which  we  now  produce.  This 
jury,  as  is  well  known,  is  composed  of  Messrs.  Robert 
Mallett  and  Robert  F.  Fairlie,  chosen  by  Mr.  Chatwood, 
and  Messrs.  Joseph  E.  Holmes  and  Thomas  R.  Pickering, 
selected  by  Mr.  Herring.  These  gentlemen  elected  a 


PAllIS  EXPOSITION. 


123 


fifth  member  as  president,  M.  P.  Donliot,  a  well-known 
French  engineer,  and  as  secretary,  Mr.  W.  J.  Hoyle. 

Official  Report  of  the  committees  appointed  to  conduct 

the  competitive  trial  of  the  two  safes  constructed  by 

Mr.  Samuel  Ohatwood,  of  Bolton,  Lancashire,  Eng¬ 
land,  and  Mr.  Silas  C.  Herring,  of  New  York,  United 

States  of  America,  respectively.- 

This  committee  was  appointed  in  virtue  of  an  agree¬ 
ment  made  and  executed  at  Paris  on  the  9th  day  of 
July,  1867,  between  Mr.  Samuel  Ohatwood,  of  Bolton, 
Lancashire,  and  Mr.  Silas  C.  Herring,  of  New  York, 

U.  S. 

The  duties  of  the  committee  were  clearly  determined 
in  the  following  articles  of  the  agreement :  — 

1.  That  the  four  members  named  by  the  two  parties 
to  the  agreement,  should  elect  a  fifth  member  of  the 
committee  who  should  be  a  French  engineer. 

2.  That  they  should  be  at  liberty  to  employ  such 
means  as  they  may  think  best  to  enable  them  to  form  a 
correct  judgment. 

8.  That  the  decision  of  the  committee  shall  state 
which  of  the  two  safes  is  in  their  opinion  the  best,  in  the 
following  particulars,  viz  : 

In  the  quality  of  the  material  used,  in  the  capability 
of  resisting  drilling  instruments,  gunpowder,  steel 
wedges,  crowbars,  steel  screws,  or  any  other  kind  of 
burglars’  appliances. 

The  committee  elected  M.  P.  Donliot,  civil  engineer 
of  Paris,  as  fifth  member  and  president  of  the  committee. 

In  Order  to  secure  equal  zeal,  good  faith  and  skill  in 
the  conduct  of  the  experiments  wihch  were  to  be  made 


124 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


simultaneously  upon  the  two  safes,  it  was  decided  that 
to  each  of  the  competitors  should  be  allotted  the  task  of 
opening  his  adversary’s  safe ;  that  he  should  be  allowed 
to  inspect  the  drawings  of  the  safes,  which  had  been  fur¬ 
nished,  and  accepted  as  sufficiently  correct  by  the  com¬ 
mittee  ;  that  he  should  choose  his  workmen  and  supply 
them  with  the  necessary  tools. 

Ry  careful  study  of  all  the  facts  which  became  evident 
during  the  trials,  the  committee  are  enabled  to  arrive  at 
a  decided  opinion  on  the  points  subjected  to  their 
decision  by  the  agreement. 

Taking  first  the  Chatwood’s  safe,  the  mode  of  attack 
and  the  facts  developed  were  as  follows :  Herring’s 
experiments  commenced  by  attempting  to  drill  through 
the  door  of  the  safe,  but  without  attaining  any  other 
result  than  to  convince  the  committee  that  the  safe  was 
invulnerable  to  this  mode  of  attack  ;  although  no  attempt 
by  drilling  was  tried  upon  the  Herring’s  safe,  a  subse¬ 
quent  examination  convinced  the  entire  committee  that 
his  safe  possessed  this  quality  in  an  equal  degree. 
Although  thirty-seven  minutes  were  spent  in  the  fruit¬ 
less  attempts  to  drill  Chatwood’s  safe,  not  more  than 
seventeen  minutes  of  this  should  be  deducted  from  the 
total  time  occupied  in  opening  the  safe,  as  prior  to  the 
abandonment  of  the  drilling,  at  least  twenty  minutes  had 
been  spent  by  one  of  the  experts  in  chiselling  a  small 
groove  along  the  whole  depth  of  the  edge  of  the  upper 
side  of  tlie  safe  ;  this  groove  displayed  the  position  of  the 
joints,  and  the  plan  of  attack  with  wedges  was  com¬ 
menced  which  ended  in  the  opening  of  the  safe.  It  was 
now  evident  that  the  plan  adopted  by  Mr.  Ohatwood  for 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


125 


joining  the  plates  forming  the  sides  of  his  safe,  though 
offering  great  facilities  for  accurate  fitting  and  conceal¬ 
ment  of  the  mode  of  construction,  had  the  grave  incon¬ 
venience  of  being  open  to  a  simple  and  straightforward, 
though  laborious,  mode  of  attack.  As  soon  as  the  first 
wedge  was  driven  in,  each  joint  and- each  dovetail  became 
accessible  in  its  turn,  and  in  the  same  manner,  and 
although  the  labor  required  was  severe,  the  time  required 
might  be  calculated  approximately ;  after  considerable 
labor  the  steel  plate  forming  the  exterior  of  the  attacked 
side  of  the  safe  was  torn  off,  and  exposed  to  view  a  plate 
of  hard  cast  iron,  already  broken,  and  which,  from  its 
brittle  nature,  yielded  readily  to  the  blows  of  the 
hammer ;  under  this  plate  was  a  second  one  secured  in 
the  same  manner  as  the  outer  one,  to  the  inner  set  of 
plates,  and  further  supported  by  being  bolted  to  the 
door  frame. 

The  experts  now  tried  to  force  the  bolts  of  the  door, 
but  the  admirable  arrangements  of  this  part  of  the  safe 
resisted  all  their  efforts,  and  much  time  was  lost  in  the 
fruitless  attempt ;  by  this  time,  however,  the  fireproof 
material  had  become  loosened  and  a  great  deal  of  it  had 
fallen  out,  and  the  experts  were  enabled  to  see  that 
beyond  the  plate  with  which  they  were  battling  there 
was  only  a  sheet  of  thin  iron  to  oppose  their  entrance 
into  the  safe  ;  encouraged  by  this  discovery,  they  re¬ 
turned  to  the  plan  by  which  they  had  taken  off  the 
outer  steel  plate,  and  succeeded  in  removing  the  second 
one  in  the  same  manner;*  a  few  blows  from  the  crowbar 
sufficed  to  drive  in  the  sheet  iron.  The  block  was  now 


126 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


taken  out,  and  the  safe  declared  opened  according  to  the 
resolutions  of  the  committee. 

The  whole  time  occupied  in  these  operations  was  235 
minutes,  or  deducting  thirty-seven  minutes,  the  time 
spent  in  the  drilling  operations,  which  in  no  way  affected 
the  resisting  powers  of  the  safe,  we  have  198  minutes  as 
the  time  occupied  in  the  opening.  Subsequently  the 
two  slight  drawers  at  the  bottom  of  Chatwood’s  safe 
were  laid  completely  open  in  one  minute.  This  was 
done  to  ascertain  whether  any  gain  in  time  would  have 
accrued  to  Mr.  Chatwood  if  the  sealed  block  had  been 
placed  in  either  of  the  drawers. 

The  resisting  powers  of  the  Chatwood  safe  are  greatest 
at  its  exterior  surface,  but  they  diminish  considerably  as 
the  interior  is  approached,  and  are  also  rendered  some¬ 
what  less  efficacious  by  being  spread  over  too  large  an 
extent.  The  door,  it  is  true,  possesses  an  excess  of 
strength  over  the  sides,  but  to  say  that  if  the  safe  were 
built  into  a  wall  it  would  be  perfectly  unassailable,  is  to 
admit  that  it  is  not  so  of  itself,  and  as  this  mode  of  fix¬ 
ing  is  by  no  means  general,  and  has  some  grave  disad¬ 
vantages,  it  cannot  be  appealed  to. 

Mr.  Herring’s  safe  is  constructed  on  an  entirely  differ¬ 
ent  principle  ;  its  exterior  walls  are  meant  to  protect  the 
contents  of  the  safe  from  fire  only.  Before  the  outer 
doors  can  be  opened,  their  bands  and  fastenings  must  be 
removed ;  this  Mr.  Chatwood’s  men  proceeded  to  do  at 
once  by  the  use  of  wedges,  and  by  the  same  means  they 
forced  open  the  two  wings  of  the  outer  door  in  a  com¬ 
paratively  short  space  of  time.  The  interior  was  then 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


127 


seen  to  be  divided  into  two  distinct  parts ;  the  upper 
one,  the  larger  in  its  capacity,  was  filled  with  shelving 
and  drawers,  for  books  and  papers  of  value  only  to  their 
owner. 

The  lower  division  was  a  coffer  designed  for  the  safe 
keeping  of  valuables,  and  containing  the  sealed  block  of 
wood.  On  this  coffer  the  maker  had  concentrated  all 
his  skill  and  the  resisting  power  of  his  materials.  Only 
two  of  its  faces  were  accessible,  the  door  and  upper  side  ; 
the  latter  was  first  attacked,  but  this  plan  was  soon 
abandoned,  and  the  workmen  directed  all  their  energies 
to  the  breaking  open  of  the  door. 

The  position  limited  the  space  from  which  it  could  be 
attacked,  and  to  some  extent  circumscribed  the  effect  of 
the  levers  and  hammers  employed  against  it,  showing 
how  well  its  situation  had  been  chosen  so  as  to  add  to 
its  defence. 

The  direct  introduction  of  wedges  was  prevented  by  a 
strong  iron  frame  which  protected  the  joint  of  the  door, 
and  which  had  to  be  cut  bodily  away  ;  and  when  after  a 
considerable  time  this  was  effected,  the  door  itself  was 
attacked. 

It  was  formed  of  a  network  of  steel  bars  riveted 
together,  and  covered  with  a  wrought  iron  plate  which 
concealed  its  structure.  The  numerous  and  solid  attach¬ 
ments  of  the  door  would  have  rendered  its  removal 
piecemeal  an  interminable  operation,  so  the  experts 
endeavored  to  remove  it  whole  ;  but  its  extreme  tenac¬ 
ity,  which  it  owed  to  its  mode  of  construction,  and  the 
strength  of  the  steel  rivets  by  which  it  was  secured  to 
he  inner  plate  and  the  bolts,  prevented  its  removal  until 


128 


PAllIS  EXPOSITION. 


within  ten  minutes  of  the  time  when  Chatwood’s  safe 
was  declared  open.  The  coffer  still  remained  entirely 
closed  by  a  plate  of  hard  cast  iron,  similar  to  that  em¬ 
ployed  by  Mr.  Ohatwood  in  the  construction  of  his  safe ; 
but'  by  an  ingenious  contrivance  the  tenacity  naturally 
deficient  in  the  material  was  supplied  by  the  use  of  a 
close  web  of  iron  rods  which  covered  each  face  of  the 
plate,  and  was  intimately  connected  and  even  soldered 
into  the  plate  itself  by  the  mode  in  which  they  were  cast 
together  ;  the  success  of  this  mode  of  construction  was 
completely  demonstrated  by  experience. 

In  order  literally  to  bend  over  the  plate,  all  the 
wedges  and  tools  which  the  workmen  possessed  were 
made  use  of,  and  the  necessity  for  a  larger  wedge,  simi¬ 
lar  to  those  which  the  committee  had  refused  to  allow  to 
Mr.  Herring’s  men,  was  so  evident  that  Mr.  Ohatwood’ s 
experts  made  use  of  a  hammer  head  from  which  the 
handle  had  been  taken  for  the  same  purpose. 

After  half  an  hour’s  labor,  when  the  gap  along  the  top 
of  the  door  was  completely  blocked  up  with  wedges  and 
tools  of  all  sorts,  the  close  of  day  put  a  stop  to  the  pro¬ 
ceedings,  while  it  was  yet  uncertain  how  long  the  bolts 
attached  to  the  plate  could  continue  to  resist  the  strain 
brought  to  bear  against  them.  The  trial  wa5  resumed 
by  the  experts  the  next  morning,  who  coming  fresh  to 
their  work  opened  the  door  in  four  minutes  ;  the  open¬ 
ing  into  the  coffer  being  then  completely  clear,  they  were 
enabled  to  withdraw  the  block.  The  total  time  occupied 
in  all  these  operations  was  254  minutes.  The  Herring 
safe  is  thus  distinguished  by  an  ingenious  complication 
of  its  means  of  defence,  all  concentrated  at  the  precise 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


129 


point  which  it  designed  to  protect,  and  indicates  on  the 
part  of  its  maker  an  intimate  knowledge  of  the  require¬ 
ments  of  a  good  safe.  Admitting  the  excellence  of  both 
the  safes  submitted  to  trial,  and  also  admitting  the  force 
brought  to  bear  upon  them  was  far  superior  to  any  ever 
likely  to  be  employed  by  burglars,  a  careful  considera¬ 
tion  of  the  facts  compels  us  to  the  'following  conclusions : 

Firstly.  That,  considering  the  intrinsic  quality  of  the 
different  materials  employed  as  being  equal  in  the  two 
safes,  Mr.  Herring  has,  by  his  happy  combination,  ren¬ 
dered  the  material  more  efficacious,  and  indeed  given  to 
the  hard  cast  iron  the  tenacity  which  it  lacks  by  nature ; 
and  we  are  therefore  of  opinion  from  this  point  of  view, — 

1.  That  Mr.  Herring’s  safe  is  the  better  in  the  quality 
of  the  materials  employed. 

2.  That  the  exterior  aspect  of  the  Chatwood  safe, 
from  the  closeness  of  its  joints  and  simplicity  of  its  form, 
would  disincline  burglars  to  attack  it ;  but  if  they  should 
have  the  security  necessary  to  make  the  attempt,  its  too 
great  uniformity  of  constructive  detail  would  give  them 
great  hope  of  success,  their  difficulties  would  consider¬ 
ably  diminish  as  they  proceeded,  and  this  would  act  as 
a  moral  stimulant  to  their  physical  force  until  they 
attained  the  prize  they  coveted. 

The  Herring  safe,  which  appears  at  first  more  easy  of 
attack,  presents  to  tlie  end  difficulties  always  great  and 
always  varied,  and  never  shows  signs  of  an  approaching 
success  ;  it  therefore  tends  to  exhaust  both  the  physical 
and  moral  energy,  and  to  this  extent  offers  a  superior 
guarantee  against  the  successful  attack  of  burglars. 

•  We  are  therefore  of  the  opinion  that  the  Herring 


130 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


Safe  is  the  best  in  its  capability  of  resisting  Drilling 
Instruments,  Gunpowder,  Steel  Wedges,  Crowbars,  Steel 
Screws,  or  any  other  kind  of  burglars’  appliances. 

We  therefore,  in  accordance  with  the  foregoing 
decision,  direct  that  the  fifteen  thousand  francs  depos¬ 
ited  by  Mr.  Herring  be  returned  to  him,  and  that  the 
fifteen  thousand  francs  deposited  by  Mr.  Chatwood  be  • 
applied,  first,  to  the  necessary  expenses  of  the  trial ;  and 
that  the  balance,  divided  into  three  equal  portions,  be 
given  to  the  charities  of  London,  Paris,  and  Washington, 
as  directed  by  Mr.  Herring. 

In  consequence  of  the  course  taken  by  the  English 
members  of  the  committee,  and  in  order  to  place  our¬ 
selves  and  our  decision  beyond  all  suspicion  or  question, 
we  hereby  request  M.  Tagnard  to  be  good  enough  to 
charge  himself  with  the  naming  of  the  amount  to  be 
paid  to  the  different  members  of  the  committee  for  their 
professional  services. 

Accordingly  we  have  signed  the  present  document 
this  5th  day  of  October,  1867,  in  the  presence  of  Mr. 
Beckwith,  United  States  Commissioner- General  of  the 
Universal  Exhibition,  and  Mr.  Cheysson,  Chief  of  the 
Delegated  Service. 

President  of  the  Committee. 

(Signed)  P.  DOULIOT. 

Members  of  the  Committee. 

(Signed)  JOSEPH  E.  HOLMES. 

(Signed)  THOS.  R.  PICKERING. 

Chief  of  the  Delesfated  Service. 

(Signed)  S. '  CHEYSSON. 

U.  S.  Commissioner-General. 

(Signed)  N.  M.  BECKWITH. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


131 


To  John  G.  Perry,  of  Kingston,  R.  L,  for  the  Perry  Mower, — 

a  Silver  Medal. 

This  Mower  is  clearly  an  improvement  over  all  com¬ 
petitors.  It  is  composed  of  a  less  number  of  pieces,  and 
moves  with  less  noise,  than  any  other  machine  we  have 
seen.  It  was  very  carefully  examined  by  those  inter¬ 
ested  in  labor-saving  machines,  and  excited  unqualified 
praise.  This  was  its  first  appearance  at  a  World’s  Fair, 
which  is  probably  the  reason  a  gold  medal  was  not 
awarded  it,  new  things,  in  the  old  world,  being  less 
likely  than  with  us  to  secure  their  deserved  recognition. 
And  we  understand  that  a  silver  medal  for  an  article  on 
its  first  exhibiton  is  tantamount  to  a  gold  medal  on  its 
second.  The  Mower  is  manufactured  by  the  Ames 
Plough  Company  of  Massachusetts. 

A  Paris  journal  thus  speaks  of  it :  — 

“  The  Perry  Mower  is  comparatively  a  new  machine,  hut  in 
the  short  time  it  has  been  before  the  public  it  has  proved  its 
worth  and  established  its  superiority.  Mr.  Perry  evidently  has 
a  clear,  practical  mind,  mechanical  genius,  and  executive  force,  to 
produce  so  valuable  a  machine,  and  one  that  readily  challenges 
the  judgment  of  the  man  of  science  and  the  practical  farmer  in 
its  favor.  It  is  attracting  great  attention  from  visitors.  Manu¬ 
facturers  of  and  dealers  in  mowing  machines  regard  it  with  much 
interest,  and  farmers  pronounce  it  the  best  machine  on  exhibition. 
We  predict  for  the  Perry  Mower  a  successful  future.” 

To  W.  &  B.  Douglas,  of  Middletown,  Conn.,  for  Pumps  and 

Hydraulic  Rams,  —  a  Silver  Medal. 

These  gentlemen  displayed  a  very  large  and  excellent 
variety  of  pumps,  &c.,  which  elicited  the  highest,  com- 


132 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


mendation.  Their  simplicity  of  construction  and  the 
ease  with  which  they  were  worked  were  noticeable 
features. 

It  was  a  handsome  and  well-merited  compliment  to 
the  Messrs.  Douglas  to  be  the  recipients  of  the  highest 
award  for  pumps  in  the  Paris  Exposition.  Indeed, 
their  pumps  were  so  far  superior  to  all  others  in  the 
Exposition,  that  no  hesitancy  existed  in  making  the 
bestowment. 

The  ‘‘  Franco  American,”  a  paper  published  in  Paris 
and  London,  said  concerning  them  :  — 

“W.  &  B.  Douglas,  of  Middletown,  Connecticut,  United  States, 
America,  have  on  exhibition  about  forty  pumps,  of  different  sizes 
and  styles,  adapted  to  houses,  factories,  and  garden  uses,  worked 
both  by  hand  and  mechanical  power. 

“This  firm  make  much  the  best  display  of  pumps  in  the  Expo¬ 
sition,  as  to  number,  variety,  excellence  of  workmanship,  and 
perfection  of  design. 

“  These  pumps  are  placed  in  the  annex  of  the  American 
department,  and  call  forth  much  praise  from  visitors  generally ; 
and  pump-makers  and  dealers  examine  them  with  great  care,  and 
speak  of  them  in  terms  of  high  commendation. 

“  This  is  the  oldest  house  of  its  kind  in  America,  having  been 
established  in  1832.” 

To  C.  L.  Dab  ALL,  of  New  London,  Conn.,  for  the  Patent  Fog 

Trumpet,  —  a  Silver  Medal. 

This  is  a  valuable  invention,  and  it  will  be  highly 
appreciated  by  those  who  sail  upon  the  sea.  It  is  con¬ 
clusive  testimony  in  its  favor,  that  several  National  Gov¬ 
ernments  have  already  approved  and  adopted  it. 

A  London  paper  speaks  as  follows  in  relation  to  it : 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


133 


“  The  Daball  Patent  Rotary  Fog  Trumpet  is  the  invention  of 
C.  L.  Daball,  of  New  London,  Connecticut,  U.  S.  A.,  and  rep¬ 
resented  here  by  Mr.  S.  T.  Daball.  We  were  present  when  this 
trumpet  was  in  operation,  and  confess  we  have  been  very  much 
pleased  with  it  as  a  means  for  the  transmission  of  sound.  It  can 
be  heard  from  ten  to  twenty  miles,  is  easily  worked,  and  for 
marine  purposes,  to  protect  our  seafaring  people  from  harm,  and 
our  merchaitts  from  the  loss  of  their  property,  it  is  an  invaluable 
invention,  and  one  that  cannot  fail  to  commend  itself  both  to  the 
scientific  and  practical  man.  This  trumpet  produces  a  sound 
unlike  any  other;  and  what  adds  to  the  worth  of  the  machine, 
the  sound  can  be  increased  to  almost  any  volume.  The  trumpet 
is  worked  by  the  “  Ericsson  Caloric  Engine,”  and  has  been 
adopted  and  set  up  in  several  places  by  the  American  and 
English  Governments.  We  believe  it  is  the  best  thing  of  the 
kind  yet  produced,  and  worthy  the  attention  of  all  National 
Governments.” 


To  the  Florence  Sewing  Machine  Company,  of  Florence, 
for  Sewing  Machines,  —  a  Silver  Medal. 

Among  the  many  useful  inventions  which  were  exhib¬ 
ited  in  the  American  Department  at  the  late  Universal 
Exposition  in  Paris,  none  attracted  more  attention  than 
the  Florence  Sewing  Machine.  We  well  remember  the 
crowd  which  always  surrounded  it,  and  the  many 
expressions  of  praise  elicited  from  every  one  by  the 
simplicity  of  its  movements. 

There  were  other  sewing  machines  on  exhibition,  wdth 
the  latest  improvements,  to  make  button-holes,  tucks, 
Ac. ;  but  the  Florence,  claiming  to  do  sewing  and 
nothing  else,  was  acknowledged  by  all  most  acquainted 


134 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


with  sewing  machines,  as  the  one  most  desirable  and 
best  fitted  to  do  the  ordinary  sewing  of  a  family. 

Such  was  evidently  the  opinion  of  the  jury  on  prizes, 
for  they  unanimously  awarded  to  the  Florence  a  silver 
medal,  the  highest  testimonial  given  to  any  sewing 
machine.  It  has  been  introduced  to  the  public  only  a 
few  years,  and  that  was  its  first  appearance  al  a  World’s 
Fair ;  but  both  in  this  country  and  in  the  old  world,  all 
those  who  have  tried  it  confirm  the  opinion  of  the  jury, 
and  everywhere  when  the  subject  is  discussed  the  best 
in  use  is  always  acknowledged  to  be  the  Florence 
Sewing  Machine. 


I  have  spoken  in  the  preceding  pages  more  especially 
of  the  goods  which  received  awards  at  the  Exposition. 
There  were  others  that  came  too  late  for  such  a  recogni¬ 
tion,  of  which  I  have  also  made  brief  mention  ;  and 
others  still  which  well  deserved  to  be  exhibited.  Promi¬ 
nent  among  these  were  the  Pianos  of  Hallet,  Davis,  & 
Co.,  of  Boston.  Their  firm  is  among  the  most  celebrated 
Pianoforte  Manufacturers  in  the  country,  for  the  quality 
and  quantity  of  their  instruments,  both  square  and  grand  ; 
and  had  their  instruments  come  before  the  judges  at  the 
Exposition,  another  Gold  Medal  would  undoubtedly 
have  been  added.  Recently  they  have  produced  a 
Grand  Piano,  of  novel  construction  and  superior  tone 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


135 


and  finish,  giving  to  the  world  further  evidence  of  the 
superiority  of  American  industry  and  skill. 

The  pianos  of  this  house  have  received  some  of  the 
highest  premiums  awarded  at  various  Expositions  and 
fairs  in  this  country,  and  most  deservedly. 


As  we  close  this  hasty  review  of  the  late  Universal 
Exposition,  it  is  but  fair  to  say  that  there  were  among 
the  articles  which  received  awards  from  the  various 
committees,  many  well  worthy  of  special  notice,  which 
we  are  compelled  to  omit  in  this  edition.  We  hope  to 
do  them  justice  in  a  future  issue. 


To  those  Americans  travelling  in  Europe,  who  desire 
the  services  of  an  agent  in  making  purchases,  we  take 
pleasure  in  recommending  Mr.  P.  Auger,  as  a  gentleman 
every  way  worthy  of  tlieir  confidence.  He  has  had  excel¬ 
lent  opportunities  to  qualify  himself  for  the  Commission 
business,  in  which  he  is  engaged ;  and  we  are  sure  that 
all  who  favor  him  with  a  call  will  be  satisfied  with  his 
dealings  and  happy  in  his  acquaintance.  See  his 
advertisement. 


c. 


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,  o  i.A-'-:csw  ■ 


ft-^.  Ml 


■;:,svMi  V  ..  •  .  .  ■  . 

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W- 

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T-mJ-IT 


'^'3'^Xi't  --n 


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:'  aa  .  '  .1-  ’■ 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


CHIOKERINU  &  SONS 

AMERICAN  PIANOS  TRIUMPHANT. 

THE  HIGHEST  RECOMPENSE  OVER  ALL  COMPETITION  AT  THE 


UJ^IVE(kSAL  EXCPOSITIOJ^,  (EAmS,  1867, 


AWARDED  TO 

CHICKERING  &  SONS, 

BOSTON  AND  NEW  YOEK, 

For  the  superiority  of  their  manufacture  in  the  different  styles  of  Pianos 
^hibited  by  them. 

They  were  the  only/competitors  in  this  branch  of  industry  who  received 

THE  EOXIBEE  EECOMEEnS-SE 
OF  THE 

GROSS  OF  THE  LEOION  OF  HONOR, 

AND 

C3-031.3D 

This  Award  distinctly  classifies  the  Chickering  Piano  as  FIRST  IN  THE" 
ORDER  OF  MERIT,  and  placers  them  at  the  Head  of 
the  List  of  Competitors, 

For  undeniable  proof  of  this  assertion,  we  beg  to  call  attention  to  the 
Official  Certificates  and  Extracts  upon  the  following  pages. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


JExtract  from  the  Meport  of  JSIons,  ^ouhev,  French 
Minister  of  State,  and  Vice  President  of  the  Imperial 
Commission^  Mead  Mefore  the  Emperor  at  the  dis¬ 
tribution  of  Awards,  on  the  1st  of  July,  1867' 

“  Thanks  to  an  activity  which  has  surmounted  all  obstacles,  the 
decisions  demanded  for  the  juries  of  the  1st  of  July  are  all  ren¬ 
dered,  and  the  result  can  be  proclaimed  to-day  before  your 
Majesty.  The  juries  have  distributed  to  the  exhibitors :  — 

^^64  Grand  Prizes, 

“883  Gold  Medals, 

“  3,653  Silver  Medals, 

“6,565  Bronze  Medals, 

“  5,801  Honorable  Mentions. 

“  The  present  solemnity  is  crowned  by  the  proclamation  of 

-STILL  HIGHER  AWARDS. 

“  Your  Majesty  condescends  to  gra^  to  the  most  eminent  of 
the  exhibitors  in  this  pacific  strife, 

“THE  IMPERIAL  GROSS  OF  THE  LEGION  OF  HONOR.” 

Extract  from  the  official  catalogue  of  Recompensed  Exhibitors 
at  Universal  Exposition,  Paris,  1867. 

“  There  has  been  awarded  to  Messrs.  Chickering  &  Sons, 
Boston  and  New  York,  one  of  the  four  Gold  Medals  of  equal 
value  awarded  to  the  manufacturers  of  Pianos  for  the  great  per¬ 
fection  and  superiority  of  their  instruments.  Besides  this  medal 
of  the  first  class,  Mr.  Chickering  has  received  the  recompense 
which  surpasses  all  others,  ‘  The  Cross  of  the  Legion  of  Honor ^ 
brilliant  confirmation  of  the  decision  of  the  jury.  Mr.  Chicker¬ 
ing  is  the  only  factor  of  Pianos  competing  to  whom  this  supreme 
recompense  has  been  awarded  upon  the  occasion  of  the  Univer- 
selle  Exposition  of  1867.” 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


.  FIRST  mmu  PRIZE  I^EDAL 

AWARDED 

PRATT  &  WENTWORTH, 

FOR  THE  CELEBRATED 


COOKING  STOYE, 

AT  THE 

Exposition  Universelle^  (Paris,  i86y. 


1st  prize  at  AMERICAN  INSTITHTE  FAIR,  NEW  YORK;  GOLF 
MEDAL  AT  NEW  ORLEANS  FAIR,  AND  TWELVE 
OTHER  FIRST  PRIZES  DURING  1867. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


PEERLESS. 

The  Best  Cooking  Stove 


It  is  the  “Peerless,”  because  it  is  superior  to  all  other  Cooking  Stoves  in 
Economy,  Simplicity,  Cleanliness,  Baking,  Boasting,  and  Beauty. 


1st.  Economy.  A  patented  method  of  heating  the  air  and  conveying  it 
through  the  oven,  saves  from  twenty  to  thirty  per  cent,  of  fuel. 

2d.  Simplicity.  It  is  easily  managed.  The  fire  can  be  perfectly  controlled 
and  kept  through  an  entire  season  without  re-kindling. 

3d.  Cleanliness.  No  dust  escapes  while  shaking  or  dumping  the  grate. 

4th.  Baking.  Its  large  oven,  wherein  all  parts  are  of  equal  temperature, 
bakes  as  evenly  as  a  brick  oven,  and  that  without  turning  the  article.  It 
bakes  quickly. 

5th.  Roasting.  A  current  of  hot  air  constantly  passing  through  the  o\  en, 
so  thoroughly  ventilates  it  that  it  roasts  as  well  as  the  kitchen. 

6th.  BeautjL  Made  of  the  best  iron,  it  will  not  crack.  Well  moulded, 
artistically  designed,  and  smoothly  cast,  it  is  the  most  beautiful  as  well  as 
the  most  serviceable  stove  in  the  market. 

Each  Stove  is  warranted  to  do  all  that  is  claimed  for  it. 

In  all  the  requisites  of  a  first-class  Cook  Stove,  the  “Peerless,”  as  its 
name  indicates,  has  no  equal  in  the  market. 

PRATT  &  WEATWORTH,  Manufacturers, 

87,  89,  &  91  North  Street,  Boston. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


Conclusive  Proof  op  the  Highest  Award  to  Chickering 
&  Sons. 

The  following  letters  have  been  received  from  Paris  by  Messrs. 
Chickering  &  Sons,  which  clearly  and  very  plainly  prove  that  the 
Gold  Medals  at  the  Paris  Exhibition  were  all  alike  and  of  equal 
value^  and  that  “  the  Cross  of  the  Legion  of  Honor  ”  was 
awarded  by  a  higher  power  than  the  juries,  viz.,  by  the  Emperor, 
as  a  “Superior  Award”  over  Medals  for  the  superior  merit  of 
the  Chickering  Pianos  :  — 

Copy  of  a  Letter  from  3Ionsieur  Fetis,  3Iemher  and 

Reporter  of  the  Jury  of  the  10th  Clas^  of  the  Eocpo- 

sition  TJniverselle,  Faris,  1807 • 

[translation.] 

Brussels,  Nov.  19,  1867. 

Mr.  Chickering  :  —  Sir  :  —  I  cannot  refuse  to  declare,  as  a 
member  of  the  Jury  of  the  10th  Class,  that  of  which  is  undeni¬ 
ably  established  by  the  Moniteur  of  July  2,  1867,  viz. : 

That  there  is  one  single  class  of  Gold  Medals  for  the  Exhibi¬ 
tors  ;  that  the  Decoration  of  the  Legion  of  Honor  constitutes  a 
recompense  of  a  superior  order,  and  that  it  has  been  accorded  to 
you  by  the  Emperor  for  the  merit  of  your  instruments. 

Accept  my  salutations, 

(Signed)  FETIS. 

Member  of  the  Jury  of  the  10th  Class  of  the  Exposition  Univer- 
selle,  Paris,  1867. 

Copy  of  Letters  from  Amhroise  Thomas  and  F,  A.  Gav- 

aert,  and  G.  Kastner,  3Iemhers  of  the  Jury  : 

Gentlemen  :  —  I  must  tell  you  that,  whatever  may  be  the 
order  in  which  the  names  have  been  inscribed  in  each  kind  of 
recompense  awarded  to  the  10th  Class,  the  Gold  Medal,  to  speak 
of  this  one,  is  the  First  Medal.  There  are  not  two  classes  of 
Gold  Medals.  Receive  mv  salutation, 

(Signed)  AMBROISE  THOMAS. 

I  am  completely  of  the  opinion  of  my  confrere,  Thomas. 

(Signed)  F.  GAVAERT. 

Entirely  in  accordance  with  my  confreres,  M.  M.  Thomas  and 
Gavaert,  I  declare  that  there  is  but  one  class  of  Gold  Medals 
which  are  all  Prize  Medals ;  any  Exhibitor  honored  with  this 
distinction  has  therefore  the  right  to  announce  that  he  has 
received  the  First  Medal  (Signed)  GEORGE  KASTNER. 

Paris,  Oct.  22,  1867. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


SE-V'ElsT'T'ir-i^OXJI^ 

GOLn  on  SILVBM  MBBALS, 

Or  other  highest  premiums,  have  been  awarded  within  a  few  years  at  the 
principal  Industrial  Fairs  of  the  Country,  to  the 

MASON  ab  HAMLfN  ORGAN  CO., 

Manufacturers  of 

CABINET  ORGANS. 

Their  Instruments  have  thus  been  REPEATJEDIiY  DECLARED 
THE  BEST.  At  the  following,  among  other  Fairs  : 

THE  TATIS  EXTOSITIOJI,  1867. 

Massachusetts  Charitable  Mechanics’  Association,  Boston. 
Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia. 

American  Institute,  New  York. 

Maryland  Institute,  Baltimore. 

Mechanics’  Institute,  Cincinnati. 

United  States  Fair,  Chicago. 

Mechanics’  Fair,  San  Francisco . 

AND  AT  THE  STATE  FAIRS  OP 

New  York,  Iowa,  Pennsylvania,  Vermont,  Ohio,  Kansas, 
Indiana,  Rhode  Island,  Illinois, 

AND  EVERY  OTHER  STATE  WHERE  EAIR-S  ARE  HELD. 
Descriptive  Pamphlet  and  Circulars,  with  illustrations  of  the  various 
styles  of  Organs  will  be  furnished  to  any  applicant, 

WAREROOMS  ; 

154  Tremont  St,,  Boston  ;  596  Broadway,  New  York, 

THE  MASON  A  HAMLIN  ORGAN  CO. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


30,000  fuawcs  /  / 


HERRING’S  PATENT 
CHAMPION  SAFES. 


Awarded  the  PRIZE  MEDALS  at  World’s  Fair,  Lon¬ 
don,  World’s  Fair  New  York ;  Exposition  Uni- 
verselle,  Paris. 


AND 

OF  the  "w^o-ee. 


OP 

30,000  EE^nSTCS, 

($0,000  IN  GOLD.) 

At  the  recent  International  Contest  in  the  Paris  Exhibition. 


The  public  are  invited  to  call  and  examine  the  report  of  the  Jury  on  the 
merits  ot  the  great  contest,  and  see  the  oflQcial  award  to  the  Herring’s 
patent  over  all  others. 

HERRIND,  PARREL  &  SHERMAN, 

251  BROADWAY,  cor.  Murray  St.,  NEW  YORK. 

FARRELL,  HERRING  &  CO.,  Philadelphia, 

HERRING  &  CO.,  Chicago. 

HERRING,  FARRELL,  &  SHERMAN,  New  Orleans. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


THE  CEOWNING  MUSICAL  TEIUMPH  OF  THE 

YEAE. 


The  Abbe  Liszt  has  addressed  to  the  Messrs.  ChickeriDg  the 
following  letter,  the  only  testimonial  in  favor  of  a  pianoforte- 
maker,  which  he  has  ever  given  in  Europe  or  America :  — 

[translation.] 

Messrs.  Chickering:  — 

It  is  very  agreeable  to  me  to  add  my  name  to  the  concert  of 
praises  of  which  your  pianos  are  the  object. 

To  be  just,  I  must  declare  them  perfect,  and  perfectissimes 
(superlatively  perfect). 

There  is  no  quality  which  is  foreign  to  them.  Your  instru¬ 
ments  possess  in  the  supreme  degree,  nobility  and  power  of  tone, 
elasticity  and  security  of  touch,  harmony,  brilliancy,  solidity, 
charms  and  prestige ;  and  thus  offer  a  harmonious  ensemble  of 
perfections,  to  the  exclusion  of  all  defects. 

Pianists  of  the  least  pretensions  will  find  means  of  drawing 
from  them  agreeable  effects ;  and  in  face  of  such  products — which 
truly  do  honor  to  the  art  of  the  construction  of  instruments — the 
role  of  the  critic  is  as  simple  as  that  of  the  public ;  the  one  has 
but  to  applaud  them  conscientiously,  and  with  entire  satisfaction, 
and  the  other  but  to  procure  them  in  the  same  manner. 

In  congratulating  you  sincerely  upon  the  great  and  decisive 
success  obtained  at  the  Exposition  at  Paris,  I  am  pleased  to 
anticipate  the  happy  continuation  of  the  same  in  all  places  where 
your  pianos  will  be  heard,  and  I  beg  that  you  accept,  gentlemen, 
the  expression  of  my  most  distinguished  sentiments  of  esteem  and 
consideration. 

(Signed)  F.  LISZT. 

Rome,  December  26,  1867. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


JAMES  HALL  &  SON, 

Carriage  Manufacturers, 


No.  5  Hawkins  Street, 


CoacheSj  Clarence  Coaches^ 

(Phaetons^  (Barouches, 

Coupees,  Light  Carriages, 

Carryalls ,  Chaises. 


Repairing  in  all  its  branches,  done  with  punctuality 


and  dispatch. 


To  this  firm  tvas  awarded  a  Silver  Medal  at  the  Uni¬ 
versal  Uocposition  at  Paris,  1867, 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


The  following  letter  is  the  most  conclusive  and  official  proof,  that  any 
pretension  to  priority  in  the  classification  of  the  Gold  Medals  awarded  at 
the  Exhibition  Universelle  is  entirely  without  foundation. 

This  proof  comes  from  the  very  head  of  the  administration  of  the  Expo¬ 
sition  :  — 

Exposition  Universelle  de  1867,  A  Paris  Commissariat  General.  \ 
Commission  Imperial,  Champ  de.Mars,  Pavilion  du  i 

Commissariat  General,  5th  December,  1867.  ) 

Sir  :  —  I  have  received  the  letter  in  which  you  ask  me  if  the  Exhibitors, 
having  obtained  at  the  Universal  Exposition  a  same  kind  of  medal,  are 
classified  by  order  of  merit  in  the  list  of  awards,  and  if  the  Cross  of  the 
Legion  ol  Honor  must  be  regarded  as  having  a  remunerative  value  superior 
to  that  of  Grand  Prizes.  I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you.  that  the  recom¬ 
penses  of  the  same  denomination  are  all  of  equal  value,  and  consequently 
there  is  no  reason  to  claim  any  advantage  from  the  order  of  inscription  of 
the  recipients. 

The  Decoration  of  the  Legion  of  Honor  is  altogether  independent  of  the 
Medals  and  of  the  Prizes  awarded  by  the  international  Jury,  and  constitutes 
a  recompense  of  a  different  order. 

Receive,  sir,  the  assurance  of  my  distinguished  consideration. 

(Signed)  F.  LEPLAY, 

Counsellor  of  State ^  Commissary  General. 

Paris,  Prance,  October,  1867. 

Messrs.  Chickering  &  Sons  :  — 

Gentlemen:  —  Permit  me  to  congratulate  you  on  the  distinguished 
honor  which  has  been  conferred  upon  you  in  the  Paris  Exposition.  It  is 
especially  agreeable  to  me,  as  principal  agent  for  Massachusetts  in  the 
Exposition,  to  forward  to  you  the  information  that  you  received  a  Gold 
Medal  of  the  First  Class,  and  in  addition  the  still  higher  award  of  the 
“  Cross  of  the  Legion  of  Honor.” 

The  highest  recognition  obtained  by  any  contributors  of  Pianos  was 
awarded  to  your  firm.  I  feel  that  our  State  also  is  honored  by  the  decision 
that  pronounces  your  instruments  superior  to  those  of  all  other  contrib¬ 
utors  from  various  portions  of  the  world. 

Very  respectfully  yours,  J.  M.  USHER. 

Extract  from  the  report  of  John  G.  Perry,  Esq.,  Commissioner  from 
Rhode  Island  to  the  Universal  Exposition,  1867,  Paris,  made  to  the 
Governor  and  the  General  Assembly,  January,  1868. 

Pianos. — Probably  nothing  on  exhibition  excited  greater  interest  than 
Pianos  ;  and  nowhere  could  be  found  better  judges  of  these  instruments 
than  at  the  Paris  Exposition.  The  American  Pianos,  especially  the  Chick¬ 
ering  and  Steinway  instruments,  were  not  surpassed  by  any  foreign  articles. 
To  Steinway  &  Sons  was  awarded  a  gold  medal  ;  to  Chickering  &  Sons,  a 
gold  medal  and.the  still  higher  recognition  of  the  “  Cross  of  the  Legion  of 
Honor,”  the  highest  award  to  any  competitor.  The  Franco  American  says: 
“The  Steinway’s  are  beautiful  in  finish,  harmonious  in  tone,  and  grand 
when  the  full  volume  is  brought  out  ;  but  for  sweetness  of  tone,  perfection 
of  action,  and  grandeur  of  parts,  Chickering  &  Sons,  of  Boston,  Mass., 
surpassed  all  others.” 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


W.  &  B.  DOUGLAS, 

MIDDLETOWN,  GONN. 


Universal  Exposition  at  Paris,  France,  in  1867. 

TO  THIS  OLD  AND  LONG  ESTABLISHED  HOUSE. 


Incorporated  by  Special  Charter  granted  by  the  Legislature  of  Connecticut, 
in  1859.  BE  1.  AS,  President.  Works  founded  in  1832. 

JOHN  M.  DOUGLAS,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 
JOS.  W.  DOUGLAS,  Ass’t  Superintendant. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF  THE  CELEBRATED 

Patent,  Eevolving  Stand  Premium  Pumps, 

Patent  Rotary  Hand  and  Power  Pumps, 

Patent  Yard  Pumps,  Deep  Well  Pumps, 

Patent  Double  and  Single  Acting  SUCTION  and  FORCE 
PUMPS,  of  various  Styles  and  capacity, 

BOTH  HAND  AND  POWER. 

Patent  Rotary  Barrel  Pumps,  Patent  Steam  Pumps. 

PATENT  PREMIUM  HYDRAULIC  RAMS, 
Galvanized  Pump  Chain,  Chain  Wheels  and  Fixtures. 
Patent  Cast  Iron  CURBS,  Cast  Iron  SPOUTS  for 
Wooden  Curbs,  IRON  WELL  WHEELS, 

IMPROVED  PREMIUM 

GARDEN,  OR  FIRE  ENGINES ;  PATENT  SHIP  PUMPS, 

Barn  Door  Rollers  and  Hangers,  Ornamental  Iron  Horse 
Posts,  Grindstone  Trimmings,  Friction  Rolls  and  Stands, 
Wrought  Iron  BUTTS  and  HINGES,  Washers,  &c. 

Also,  the  Patent  Aquarius,  a  new  and  val¬ 
uable  Hand  Force  Pump. 

This  is  the  oldest  and  most  extensive  establishment  of  the  kind, 
in  the  United  States,  of  America.  Much  talent  and  Mechanical  Skill 
being  permanently  devoted  by  this  concern  to  developing  improvements, 
and  sustaining  the  quality  and  reputation  of  their  goods.  A  Large  Stock 
and  general  assortment  of  their  Manufactures  are  kept  constantly  on  hand, 
for  the  Prompt  Supply  of  MERCHANTS,  DEALERS,  and  all  in  want. 

Orders  given  this  well  established  House  will  always  he  fairly  and 
honorably  attended  to. 

Address  W.  k  B.  DOUGLAS.  r 

Middletoivn^  Connecticut^ 

U.  S.  A. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


Massacliusetts. 


17  Congress  Street,  ^ 


MANUFACTURERS  AND  IMPORTERS  OF  FINE 


(kep airing  in  all  its  branches,  executed  in 
the  most  thorough  manner  by  skilful  work= 
men. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


FLORENCE 


SEWING  MACHINE  CO. 


FLORENCE,  MASS. 


The  Florence  is  the  only  Sewing 
Blachine  extant,  having  a  rever¬ 
sible  feed,  which  enables  the  ope¬ 
rator  at  pleasure  to  sew  either  to 
the  right  or  left,  and  the  only  ma¬ 
chine  that  maJies  a  perfectly  elas- 
seam,  alike  on  each  side  of  the 
fabric. 


THE  FLORENCE 

not  only  makes  the  lock-stitch,  but  three  others,  which  for  certain  kinds  of 
work  are  much  superior,  especially  where  elasticity  is  required  ;  and  is  the 
only  machine  that  fastens  the  end  of  each  seam  securely,  and  does  it  in 
one-fourth  the  time  it  can  be  done  by  hand. 


THE  FLORENCE 

does  not  draw  fine,  thin  goods  down  through  the  slot,  or  hole  in  the  work 
plate,  nor  drop  a  stitch  in  turning  a  corner,  and  is  the  only  machine  having 
a  changeless  tension,  and  no  slack  threads,  both  of  which  are  drawn 
together  simultaneously. 

THE  FLORENCE 


is  noiseless,  and  can  be  used  when  quiet  is  necessary  ;  as  well  in  the  sick- 
chamber  as  in  the  work-room.  It  oils  no  dresses,  the  machinery  all  being 
on  the  top  of  the  table.  It  will  sew  over  the  heavie.st  seams,  or  from  one 
or  more  thicknesses  of  goods,  without  skipping  stitches,  breaking  thread, 
or  requiring  change  in  tension. 

THE  -FLORENCE 

will  easily  do  all  family  and  tailoring  work,  on  one  and  the  same  machine. 
It  is  strong  and  finely  finished,  the  motions  are  all  positive,  there  are  no 
springs  to  get  out  of  order,  while  for  strength,  durability,  beauty  of  design, 
and  range  of  work,  it  cannot  be  excelled  by  any  other  make  of  machine. 

JIDNEY  STE0N&,  Treasurer.  , 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


STAR  S 


P  R  I  N  G  , 


CMoride  of  Sodium, . 

Chloride  of  Potassium,  . 

Bromide  of  Sodium, . 

Iodide  of  Sodium,  or  Iodine, 

Sulphate  of  Potassa, . 

Bicarbonate  of  Lime, . 

Bicarbonate  of  Magnesia,  •  •  • 

Bicarbonate  of  Soda, . 

Bicarbonate  of  Iron, . 

Silicia, . 


3,782,962 
....9,220 
...  565 

20,000 
■  5,400 

.  124,459 
...61,912 
...12,662 
....1,213 
. . . .  1,283 


Phosphate  of  Lime,  a  trace. 

Solid  contents  in  a  gallon . 615,685 

Carbonic  Acid  Gas,  40,765  cubic  inches  in  a  gallon. 
Determined  according  to  Dr.  Steele  and  Prof.  Emmons’  mode 
This  analysis  proves  that  the  water  of  the 


grains. 


grains, 
of  analysis. 


SABATOOA  STAR  SPRING 


Has  a  much  larger  amount  of  solid  substance,  richer  in  medical  ingredi¬ 
ents  than  any  other  spring  in  Saratoga ,  and  shows  what  the  taste  indi¬ 
cates,  namely,  that  it  is  the 

STHONGJE  ST  WATTJM. 


It  also  demonstrates  that  the  STAK  WATER  contains  about 


©lie  Hundred  Cubic  Inches  more  of  Gas 

in  a  gallon  than  any  other  spring.  It  is  this  extra  amount  of  gas  that 
imparts  to  this  water  its  peculiarly  sparkling  appearance,  and  renders  it  so 
very  agreeable  to  the  taste.  It  also  tends  to  preserve  the  delicious  flavor  of 
the  water  when  bottled,  and  causes  it  to  uncork  with  an  effervescence 
almost  equal  to  champagne. 

The  analysis  also  shows  that  the 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


Contains  at  least  THREE  important  remedial  substances  that  do  not 
appear  in  the  card  analysis  of  any  other  Spring,  namely  : 

Chloride  of  Potassium, 

Bromide  of  Sodium,  and 

Sulphate  of  Potassa. 

It  also  contains  more  IODINE 

Than  any  two  other  Springs  put  together. 

What  is  still  more  important  is  the  fact  that  the  use  of  the  water  has 
clearly  demonstrated  what  the  analysis  of  it  would  indicate,  namely 
THAT  IT  IS  A 

Superior  Remedial  Agent. 

Experience  has  established  the  fact  beyond  reasonable  cavil,  that  the 
STAR  WATER,  as  a 

is  UNEQUALLED  ;  it  requiring  about  one-third  less  to  act  as  such.  It  is 
a  vigorous  Diuretic,  and  properly  used  is  an  excellent  Tonic. 

This  water  is  peculiarly  efficacious  and  valuable  in  the  treatment  and 
cure  of  all 

Scrofulous  and  Cutaneous  Diseases, 

In  fact,  in  all  complaints,  for  the  relief  and  cure  of  which  any  mineral 
water  is  used,  the  STAR  SPRING  WATER  has 

]Sr  O  EQUAL,. 

The  proprietors  earnestly  invite  the  attention  of  the  learned,  and  espe¬ 
cially  that  of  physicians,  to  the  analysis  of  this  water,  and  respectfully 
solicit  all  visitors  to  test  for  themselves  its  virtues  by  the  use  of  it,  for 
after  all  that  can  be  said  the  STAR  WATER,  itself,  is  its  own  best  recom-^ 
mend.  This  water  BOTTLES  and  KEEPS  WELL — none  better.  Orders 
left  at  the  Office  of  the  Company,  at  the  Spring,  or  at  our  Depot.  No.  12 
Vesby  Street,  New  York. 

PRICES  AT  THE  SPRING. 

Quarts,  $27  per  gross.  Pints,  $21  per  gross. 

REFILLING. 

Quarts,  84  cts.  per  doz.  Pints,  60  cts.  per  doz. 

SARATOGA  STAR  SPRING  CO. 

WHOLESALE  AGENTS : 

WASHBURN  &  CO..  100  Tremont  Street,  Boston. 

HOWARD  &  FITCH,  169  Front  Street,  New  York. 

HARRIS  &  UPHAM,  72  Randolph  Street,  Chicago. 

A.  PUTNAM,  Jr.  Superintendant. 


PAEIS  EXPOSITION. 


41  STATE.  STBEET,  BOSTON. 


In  this  Company  the  whole  surplus  belongs  to  the  policy-holders,  and 
is  equitably  divided  among  them,  on  the  contribution  plan,  at  the  end  of 
the  first  year,  and  annually  thereafter.  The  distribution  may  be  applied  to 
the  reduction  of  the  next  annual  premium,  or  to  purchase  additional  insur¬ 
ance,  payable  with  the  policy  at  maturity. 

The  third  distribution,  amounting  to  $130,000  is  noio  being  paid. 

All  the  policy-holders  of  this  Company  are  guaranteed  against  the  for¬ 
feiture  of  their  policies,  by  a  Statute  of  the  State  of  Massachusetts, 

Standing  of  this  Company  compared  tvUh  other  Life 
Insurance  Companies,  as  sJancm  hy  the  official 
report  of  the  Insurance  Commissioners 
of  Massachusetts,  Jan.  1, 1868. 


Ratio  of  Assets  to  each  |100  of  Liability^ . $141.86 


Total  average  of  all  Cotnpanies, .  121.80 

Ratio  of  Losses  to  Amount  Insured,  .  .73 

Total  average  of  all  Companies, .  .85 

Ratio  of  Losses  to  Amount  Insured  on  Policies 

issued  in  1867, .  .07 

Total  average  of  all  Companies, .  .23 

GEORGE  B.  AGER,  GEORGE  P.  SANGER, 

Secretary.  President. 


ELIZUR  WRIGHT,  Actuary. 


PARIS  iXPOSITlON. 


Saratoga  Springs,  IST.  Y., 


This  House  is  situated  in  the  most  central  part  of  the  town, 

jpptonsrTiisra-  oisr 

The  Congress  and  Empire  Springs  are  exactly  in 
front  of  the  House. 

The  CRESCENT  HOUSE  is  operi  for  the  accommodatiou  of 

GOGASlOrtlL  km  PERiVIANENT  BOARDERS, 

FROM  MA.Y  ’fi'IRST  TO  NOVEMBER  FIRST, 

and  Prices  moderate  according  to  rooms  required. 

The  most  trusty  servants  are  employed  who  will  always 
be  attentive  to  the  wants  of  patrons. 

For  terms,  etc.,  address 

ROBERT  HAMILTON,  Proprietor. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


J.  M.  T  HR  ESHER, 

ISS  COTJI^T  ST-3  BOSTOISr. 

All  work  performed  in  his  office  is  warranted  to  be  First  Class,  and 
all  improvements  in  the  science  of  Dentistry  will  be  placed  at  the  command 
of  his  customers  without  delay. 

Nitrous  Oxyd,  or  Laughing  Gas,  and  Ether,  administered  when 
required. 


mm  mm 


Progress. — Every  person  who  has  carefully  observed  the  progress  made 
in  science  and  the  arts  within  the  last  twenty  years,  will  readily  acknowl¬ 
edge  that  improvements  in  the  Dental  art  and  practice  have  not  been 
inferior  to  the  advancement  made  in  any  of  the  professions.  The  old  prac¬ 
titioner  who  ordered  the  placing  of  a  pepper-corn  in  the  cavity  of  an  aching 
tooth,  intending  to  let  it  remain  there  till  it  should  swell  and  burst  the 
tooth,  which  might  easily  and  without  pain  have  been  extracted,  would 
hardly  recognize  his  profession  at  the  present  day,  or  be  recognized  by 
respectable  dentists.  The  most  important  agent  for  the  alleviation  and 
extinction  of  pqtin,  and  of  course  the  most  effectual  aid  of  the  dentist  in 
enabling  him  to  perform  thorough  and  finished  work  for  his  patients  in  the 
extracting,  filling,  and  adjusting  of  teeth,  is  nitrous  oxyd,  which,  when 
properly  administered  by  skillful  hands,  is  both  effectual  and  safe.  It^ 
like  all  powerful  agents,  may  be  dangerous  if  given  or  used  by  the  ignorant 
and  inexperienced.  To  be  safe,  it  should  be  newly  made  every  day,  and 
not  kept,  as  it  often  is,  for  days  and  weeks  in  rubber  bags,  where  it 
becomes  injurious  and  even  dangerous. 

The  public  will  find  it  fresh  made  and  skillfully  administered  by  Dr.  J.  M. 
Thresher,  132  Court  Street,  whose  more  than  twenty  years’  successful 
experience  as  a  dentist,  gives  ample  assurance  that  all  his  dental  operations 
will  be  performed  with  safety,  neatness,  and  dispatch.  Dr.  Thresher  is 
prepared  to  do  all  branches  of  dentistry  work  in  the  neatest  and  most 
thorough  manner.  In  extracting,  filling,  inserting  new  teeth — from  one 
to  a  whole  set — or  regulating  children’s  teeth,  which  is  among  the  most 
important,  and  at  the  present  time  considered  to  be  one  of  the  most  neces¬ 
sary  branches  of  the  dental  profession,  Dr.  Thresher  employs  none  but  the 
most  experienced  and  skilful  workmen. — Nation, 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


DR.  ROBERT  HA^1iLTO?y’S 
MEDICAL  &  SURGICAL  LYSTITUTE, 

Sai'atoga  Springs,  IST. 

Is  located  on  Broadway,  opposite  the  faaioiis  Congress  Spring,  and  in 
full  view  of  the  park. 

The  rooms  are  pleasant  and  airy  ;  the  parlors  cheerful,  well-furnished, 
and  contain  pianos  to  enliven  and  cheer  the  invalid.  The  house  is  well 
supplied  with  bath  rooms  for  ladies  and  gentlemen. 

The  Gymnasium  is  large  and  well  ventilated.  The  piazzas  afford  a 
promenade  of  125  feet. 

R.evipdies. — VVe  select  what  is  found  most  valuable  in  the  Allopathic, 
Homeopathic,  Botanic,  and  Hydropathic  schools,  rejecting  all  that  experi¬ 
ence  has  proved  to  be  worthless  or  injurious. 

Results. — Of  over  10,000  patients  wbo  have  been  treated  by  us,  but  few 
have  been  returned  without  material  improvement,  while  hundreds  have 
been  restored  to  health,  many  of  whom  had  been  under  the  care  of  eminent 
physicians  without  benefit,  and  were  so  low  as  to  ’se  brought  here  on  beds. 

The  following  is  from  Wm.  Paine,  M.  D.,  Profes.-or  of  Theory  and  Prac¬ 
tice  of  Medicine  and  Pathology,  in  the  Eclectic  Medical  College  of 
Philadelphia  ;  -- 

Dr.  Hamilton  has  long  been  engaged  in  Institutions  for  the  treatment  of 
various  diseases,  has  had  remarJcnble  success  in  the  treatment  or  chronic 
affections,  and  has  acquired  an  enviable  reputation  throughout  the  country 
as  a  most  skillful  and  successtul  practitioner.  WM.  PAINE. 

[From  the  Women’s  Advocate,  Phi’uidelphia.] 

The  Medical  and  Surgical  Institute  of  Dr.  H:*--;lton  is  unquestionably 
the  most  successful  Medical  Institution  in  the  country.  With  a  few  excep¬ 
tions  I  have  visited  all  of  the  Institutions  of  a  similar  kind,  and  nowhere 
have  I  found  physiological  principles  so  religiously  carried  out  without 
regard  to  expense  and  trouble  as  here.  Dr.  Hamilton,  nephew  of  the  cele¬ 
brated  Dr.  Hamilton  of  Rochester,  is  the  proprietor,  and  the  only  practi¬ 
tioner  who  has  full  knowledge  of  the  mode  of  treatment  so  successfully 
employed  by  his  uncle.  With  the  exception  of  the  well-known  Dr.  Dul)ois 
of  Paris,  I  have  met  no  physician  devoted  to  diseases  of  women,  who 
possesses  in  an  equal  degree  with  Dr.  Hamilton,  delicacy,  correctness  of 
feeling,  refinement,  and  dignity  of  manner. 

References. — Rev.  Dr.  Beecher,  Hon.  J.  B.  McKean,  H.  H.  Hathorn, 
Proprietor  of  Congress  Hall,  Rev.  N.  E.  Cobleigh,  D.  D.,  Editor  Zion’s 
Herald,  Hon.  J.  M.  Usher,  Ed.  Nation,  Rev.  E.  P,  Ihwing,  Ed.  Home  Monthly, 
Henry  Wells,  of  Wells,  Fargo,  &  Co.,  Pres,  of  American  Exp.  Co.,  Aurora, 
N.  y..  Geo.  H.  Mitchell,  M.  D.,  New  York,  1  ref.  D.  S.  Smith,  M.  D., 
Chicago,  111.,  y.  Clement,  M.  1),,  Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y.,  S.  T.  Ames, 
Boston,  Mass.,  D.  A.  Harsha,  Author  of  Orators  and  Statesmen,  Life  of 
Dr.  Watts,  Charles  Sumner,  Dr.  Doddrich,, etc. ,  etc.,  Argyle,  N.  Y. 

Terms. — From  $10  to  $15  per  week,  depending  upon  the  room  occupied 
and  attention  required.  This  includes  board,  treatment,  and  medical 
advice.  Clergymen  and  their  families,  in  indigent  circumstances,  received 
at  reduced  prices.  A  pamphlet,  giving  au  account  of  its  advan<tages, 
diseases  created,  certificates  of  cures,  testimonials,  etc.,  will  he  sent  free  on 
application  to 

R.  HAMILTON,  Al.  D.,  Saratoga  Springs. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


HALLET,  DAYIS  &  CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OP 

NEW  SCALE  PIANOS. 


GRAND,  PARLOR-GRAND  and  SQUARE. 


35  Premiums  awarded  our  Pianos  ! 

24  First  Premiums! 

9  First  Premiums  for 

Best  Grrands  and  Barlor-Grrands. 


Boston, 

New  York. 
Philadelphia, 
Ogdensburgh,  N.  Y., 
Cincinnati,  Qi* 


AT 

Trenton,  N.  J., 
Newberne,  N.  C 
Harrisburgh,  Pa., 
Halifax,  N.  S., 
Hartford,  Ct., 
New  Haven,  Ct., 


Worcester,  Mass., 
Lowell,  Mass., 
Syracuse,  N.  Y., 
York,  Pa., 

I  Sandusky,  0., 


Gold  Medal  just  awarded  at  the  Mew  England 
Fair^  Mew  Haven^  Ct. 

EVERY  INSTRUMENT  WARRANTED  FOR  FIVE  YEARS. 

Second-Hand  Pianos  taken  in  Exchange  for  neiv^ 
[];^Illustratecl  Catalogue  sent  free  to  any  address. 


WAEEKOOMS  i  272  Washington  St., 
MANUFAOTOKY :  700  Harrison  Ave., 


mmm. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


TO  AMERICANS  VISITING  PARIS. 


F.  A.UaElR, 

Wo.  3  Rue  St.  Arnaud^ 

NEAR  THE  GRAND  HOTEL, 

Americans  are  invited  to  make  my  house  their  head  quarters,  and  to 
hare  their  letters  addressed  to  my  care.  They  will  be  duly  attended  to 
without  charge,  and  a  special  clerk  will  always  be  in  readiness  to  give 
information  to  visitors,  in  relation  to  either  business  or  pleasure. 

Being  a  native,  and  a  permanent  resident  in  Paris,  and  having  trav¬ 
elled  extensively  throughout  the  States,  Mr.  Auger,  who  has  been  con¬ 
nected  with  some  of  the  largest  American  houses  in  Europe,  feels  per¬ 
fectly  qualified  to  render  assistance  to  such  as  may  favor  him  with  their 
confidence  for  the  purchase  of  any  staple  or  other  article,  and  also  to 
help  ladies  and  families  in  buying  silks,  laces,  jewelry,  mante  orna¬ 
ments,  &c. 

All  such  are  respectfully  invited  to  call  and  see  for  themselves,  as 
Mr.  Auger  will  always  be  glad  to  render  them  assistance,  even  if  they 
do  not  wish  to  purchase.  He  gives  customers  all  the  benefit  of  the 
wholesale  prices  and  discounts,  and  charges  them  a  small  commission 
for  his  trouble. 

Persons  intending  to  visit  Paris,  and  wishing  to  secure  rooms  or  apart¬ 
ments  beforehand,  can  do  so  by  writing  to  the  undersigned,  and  their 
directions  will  be  attended  to  without  charge. 

P.  AUGER. 

3  St.  Aknaud. 

Near  the  Grand  Hotel 
PARIS. 


References. 


New  York, 
Boston, 

St.  Louis, 

Baltimore, 

Philadelphia, 


MINOT  S.  MORGAN,  35  Spruce  St. 

JAMES  KELLY,  Postmaster,  22  Irving  Place. 
AMOS  L.  WOOD,  36  Chardon  St. 

CURTIS  GUILD,  Editor  “Commercial  Bulletin.’^ 
Hon.  J.  M.  USHER,  Editor  “The  Nation.^' 
PELLES  &  LATHE, 

JNO.  FLOUMOY  &  Co.,  315  Chestnut  St. 
THOMAS  SEWELL  &  Sons, 

L.  A.  GODEY,  Editor  “Ladies  Book.^’ 


PARIS  EXPOSITION, 


AND 

UPHOLSTERY  GOODS. 


Drapery  Curtains, 

Window  Shades, 
Looking  Classes, 
Mattresses, 

DRAWING-ROOM,  LIBRARY, 

DINING-ROOM  AND  CHAMBER, 

FURNITURE, 

IN 

MAHOGANY,  WALNUT, 

OAK  AND  CHESTNUT, 


OF  THOROUGH  WORKMANSHIP  AND  IN  EVERY  VARIETY  OF  STYLE. 


El  W.  WM  &  CO. 

ISTo.  12  CornliilL 

CORNER  OF  WASHINGTON  STREET, 


Best  Reclining  Chair  ever  made. 


PAllIS  EXPOSITION. 


BRAMAN,  SHAW  &  CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OP 

Fasliioiiable  Parlor  Suits, 

Sofas,  Lounges,  Easy,  Parlor, 

—  AND — 

BRAIVIAN'S  PATEi^T 

Reclining  Chair. 

27  Sudbury  St.;  Over  Suiblk  Market,  Bestoii. 

First  Class  Tea  Store, 


For  the  Supply  of  the  New  England  Trade. 


T.  H.  JOHNSTON, 

No.  88  Union  St.,  Boston^ 

continues  to  supply  families  and  dealers 
witli  PURE  TEAS  of  every  variety  on 
the  most  favorable  terms,  and  warrants  his 
goods  to  be  just  as  he  represents  them. 

Having  been  in  the  tea  trade  for  twenty  years,  he  can  detect  any  impu¬ 
rity  in  tea  ;  he  has  made  that  branch  a  specialty  by  giving  his  personal  at- 
tenti©n  to  the  purchase  of  all  his  goods  as  well  as  the  superintendence  of 
the  sales,  and  he  feels  confident  of  giving  satisfaction  to  all  who  may 
favor  him  with  their  patronage. 

The  subscriber  invites  the  public  to  try  his  TEAS  AND  COFFEES, 

T.  j-o:B3:3srsTOJsr- 


PARIS  EXPOSITION 


CLOTHES  WRINGER. 

We  desire  to  call  the  attention  of 
Housekeepers  to  the  above  Machine* 
Our  New  Cog  Wheel  Wringer  is  th  - 
latest  pattern  out  and  combines  all  the 
desirable  points  requisite  to  make  it 
superior  to  all  others.  In  Simplicity 
Durability  and  Ease  in  Working,  it  is 
unequaled. 

The  Rolls  are  of  Solid  White  Rubber 
and  cannot  crock  the  clothes,  and  the  machine  works  so  easily  that  a 
child  can  use  it.  No  family  once  using  it  will  do  without  it  at  any  cost. 
Every  Wringer  warranted  in  full.  A  liberal  discount  to  dealers. 

ORIN  SHERMAN,  Sole  Agent, 

31  Brattle  Street,  Boston. 
WRINGERS  OP  ALL  KINDS  REPAIRED. 


rapes- 


—AND— 

WINDOW  SHADES. 


fe  SflAEAI  %  Sil^ 

25  Cornhilh  BOSTON, 

invite  the  attention  of  Builders,  and  all  others  in  want  of  ROOM  PA¬ 
PER  AND  WINDOW  SHADES,  to  their  very  large  and  choice  assort¬ 
ment,  comprising  all  Grades  from  the  CHEAPEST  TO  THE  BEST. 

They  are  now  opening  a  choice  lot  of  the  latest  FALL  STYLES,  at 
LOWER  PRICES  THAN  EVER  offered  before,  for  the  same  class  of 
goods.  Don’t  fail  to  examine  both  Goods  and  Prices. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION. 


CITIZENS’ 

gtttual  |n0ttiante  ©a. 

of  JBriglitoii,  Mass., 

aee  now  paying 

50  PER  CENT.  DIVIDEND. 


This  Company  insures  nothing  but  Dwelling  Houses,  Private  Barns 
(when  insured  with  a  Dwelling  House),  and  contents  of  each. 

‘  The  following  is  an  extract  from  the  Eeport  to  the  Commtss.oners, 

January  1, 1868. 

Amount  in  force  January  1, 1867, - nn 

Amount  issued  this  year, . . 


Assets  January  1, 1868, 
Liabilities, . 


$42,921.40 

..1,322.41 


Deposit  Notes  in  force. 
Total, . 


141,598.99 
.  .81,903.48 

$123,502.47 


E.  C.  Sparhawk,  Brighton, 
J.  N.  Bacon,  Newton, 

W.  P.  Houghton,  Newton, 
S.  W.  Trowbridge,  Newton, 
Lorihg  Wheeler,  Newton, 

J.  M.  Usher,  Medford, 


directors ; 

1  P  H.  Sweetser,  South  Reading, 
s!  W.  Smith,  Waltham, 

Joseph  Dunhlee,  Brighton, 

H.  W.  Baxter,  Brighton, 

W.  W,  Warren,  Brighton, 

Henry  Baldwin, 

E.  C.  SPARHAWK,  President, 


S.  W. 

Boston 


TROWBRIDGE,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

Office,  No.  5  Traveller  Building,  31  State  St 

Office  hours  10  a.  m.  to  1  p.  m. 


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